Most doctors recognized that medicine is _____.

A . Update the HMC software B . Update the system firmware C . Re-install the device driver D . Flash update the two-port card

A . the use of steam and electricity as chief energy,the development of lare corporation and the development of railway B . the development of large corporation,urbanization and the employment in production of new technology C . the appearance of airplane,the use of electricity on a large scale and urbanization D . the rapid development of industry,railway and large citie

A．Robert Sutter B．Samual Huntington C．Joseph Nye D．Robert Zoellick

Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down. With a team a colleague (同事) at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations. " Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise (精确的) measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character. " The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional facilities. Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds. Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age—using the head. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants. Matsuzawa's findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. "The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain, " he says, "Think hard and engage in conversation. Don't rely on pocket calculators. The team of doctors wanted to find out______. A．how to make people live longer B．the size of certain people's brains C．which people are most intelligent D．why certain people age sooner than others

A．real B．whole C．strange D．same

Hemingway was born July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois. His father was a doctor. His mother was a singer who had given up her career to marry. Ernest learned about nature, hunting, and fishing from his father, The Heminways spent their summers on Walloon Lake in northern Michigan, and Ernest was soon able to shoot, fish, and swim very well. He entered first grade a year younger than usual, so he had to work hard to keep up with his older classmates. Ernest read a great deal. He especially liked adventure stories and science. He learned to play the cello so he could take part in family concerts. In high school he got straight A's, edited the school paper, and played in the orchestra. Some of his stories were printed in the school annual. After high school Ernest got a job as a reporter for the Kansas City Star. But World War I was on in Europe, and Ernest wanted very much to go. He tried to enlist, but his eyesight was too poor. So he joined the Red Cross and was sent to Italy. He was wounded when distributing supplies to frontline troops and returned home a hero. He began writing for the Toronto Star and later became the paper's foreign correspondent. He and his first wife, Hadley Richardson, settled in Paris. One of their close friends was the writer Gertrude Stein. She discussed Hemingway' s work with him and encouraged him to do more creative writing. When the Star sent him to cover the war between the Turks and the Greeks, he knew what he wanted his writing to do. He wanted it to show the horrors of war so clearly that readers would experience the horrors themselves and would act to put an end to all war. In 1923 Three Stories and Ten Poems was published in France. A second book of stories, In Our Time, appeared in 1924. Hemingway then decided to give all his time to independent writing. He began work on his first serious novel, The Sun Also Rises. Its motto was Gertrude Stein's remark, "You are all a lost generation." When it was published in 1926, it became a best seller. Hemingway was divorced from his first wife and married Pauline Pfeiffer in 1927. They lived in Key West, Florida, where Hemingway did a great deal of deep-sea fishing while working on A Farewell to Arms (1929). The book was based on his war experiences in Italy. After it was published, the Hemingways went to Cuba for sport fishing. In later years Hemingway bought land in Cuba and lived there much of the time. He went big-game hunting in Africa and wrote about it in the Green Hills of Africa (1935). The civil war in Spain became the background for his longest novel For Whom the Bell Tolls. (1940). The year it was published Hemingway was divorced a second time and married Martha Gellhorn, a journalist. As correspondents for Coller’s they followed World War Ⅱ in Europe. Hemingway took part in the D-Day invasion and the French Resistance. After his third divorce in 1945, he married Mary Welsh, whom he had met in London during the war. In 1953 Hemingway's short novel The Old Man and the Sea (1952), about an old Cuban fisherman, was given a Pulitzer Prize. The book also brought Hemingway the Nobel Prize for literature in 1954. Hemingway had been living in Cuba but he left in 1960 and settled in Ketchum, Idaho. He was ill and depressed. On July 2, 1961, he shot himself. Ernest Hemingway's first book was published in______. A．1923 B．1924 C．1926 D．1929

B．Recognize

A.Should his name not be mentioned B.Had someone not mentioned C.If someone did not mention his name D.If someone has mentioned his name

A．one year old B．one years old C．one year big D．one-year-old

At that moment the land suddenly moved. The vibration was so strong that great buildings fell down, including the new seven-million-dollar City Hall, which the community had good reason to be proud of. Main water pipes burst. Cooking stoves overturned and electric wires flashed. The fires which started caused damage in large areas of the city. What had happened.'？ The rocks had broken apart along nearly three hundred miles of a crack in the earth of California, a feature of the physical map of that region known as a "fault". The damage was greatest in San Francisco which was near the center of the fault. Many buildings were destroyed by fire or by the earthquake itself, and hundreds of people were killed. Many people also died from diseases which broke out in the dirty camps later occupied by homeless people. The fires got out of control and, before they died out, four square mi-les of the city were burnt out. The loss of property was serious. The loss from fire alone amounted to 400,000,000 dollars, more than nine-tenths of the total damage. In those days this was an enormous sum. The effects of the earthquake were widespread. Rivers and streams began to run in new directions and their flow pat-terns were changed. Trees six feet in diameter were uprooted within half a mile of the central break. An area of wet fields on the side of a hill actually moved half a mile downwards. A road which crossed the fault burst apart and a gap of 21 feet remained between the broken ends. The California earthquake is remembered because it was so sudden and because it occurred in a city, where the dam-age and destruction were plainly visible and where many people were killed simultaneously. Actually, deaths on American roads from car accidents are now greater in almost any week of the year, but we are so accustomed to road accidents that we do not pay much attention to them. Scientists and engineers studied the effects of the San Francisco earthquake. The city was rebuilt, and new features were introduced to strengthen buildings and maintain a constant water supply in the event of. another earthquake. The water mains were fitted with control values which would enable water to travel by different routes round broken places. Large underground tanks were constructed to supply water if normal supplies could not be tapped. Special measures were taken to prevent fires, which often do more damage than earthquakes themselves. The San Francisco earthquake provided scientists with valuable information, since the effects of the break were visible and reports of the incident were an important contribution to the world's store of knowledge about earthquakes. The main cause of the great loss of property 'after the San Francisco earthquake in 1960 is______. A．falling buildings B．broken pipes C．fires D．floods

2 In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bears. Ice masses lie buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters. From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two - thirds of a meter down. 3 Alaska is America's largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated. 4 Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the state's earliest known inhabitants5. Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed. 5 In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousands of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the US mainland, and within the state, every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages. 6 The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaskan waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the state's chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years, Alaska's single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals. A Rich Resources of the State B Connections with the Outside World C Transportation Problem D The Natives of the Land E Cold Climate F Land and Population Paragraph 3 ______

A．“It empties the stomach of fluids and gas．” B．“It prevents spasms at the sphincter of Oddi．” C．“It prevents air from forming in the small intestine and large intestin E．” D．“It removes bile from the gallbladder．”

A、Houses built by the company for sale to customers B、A building owned by the company and leased out to tenants C、A building the company owns and uses to house its administrative activities

The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it, suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent. In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment-at the end of life, for example-is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisions based on cost is a form. of rationing. Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones are expected to make doctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, even though there’s no obligation to follow them. Medical society guidelines are also used by insurance companies to help determine reimbursement(报销)policies. Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and financial overseers. "There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn’t be functioning simultaneously as doctors," said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, "I’m not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it’s bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts." Doctors can face some grim trade-offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are about equally effective in treating macular degeneration, an eye disease. But one costs $50 a dose and the other close to $2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used the cheaper drug. Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis. But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye, and using it rather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Should doctors consider Medicare’s budget in deciding what to use？ "I think ethically(在道德层面上)we are just worried about the patient in front of us and not trying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole," said Dr. Donald Jensen. Still, some analysts say that there’s a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so. "In some ways," said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, "it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue." 57.What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do？ A.Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take. B.Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments. C.Take costs into account when making treatment decisions. D.Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care. 58.What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past？ A.Specific medicines to be used. B.Professional advancement. C.Effects of medical treatment. D.Patients’ trust. 59.What may the new guidelines being developed lead to？ A.The redefining of doctors’ roles. B.Conflicts between doctors and patients. C.Overuse of less effective medicines. D.The prolonging of patients’ suffering. 60.What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers？ A.They may be involved in a conflict of interest. B.They may be forced to divide their attention. C.They may have to use less effective drugs. D.They may lose the respect of patients. 61.What do some experts say about doctors’ involvement in medical cost analysis？ A.It may add to doctors’ already heavy workloads. B.It will help to save money for society as a whole. C.It results from society’s failure to tackle the problem. D.It raises doctors’ awareness of their social responsibilities.