Publishing in open-access journals could be low in cost.

A .  the signal to noise of the current optical amplifier B .  the signal to noise of the previous amplifier or source C .  the signal to noise introduced by the optical multiplexer D .  the accumulated noise to signal ratio of the optical channel

A . trace.log B . message.txt C . activity.log D . trace.txt E . SystemOut.log

A . 人文科学专业 B . 财经专业 C . 环境科学专业 D . 工程专业

A . clockwise direction B . northeasterly direction C . northerly direction D . counterclockwise directio

A . 木锤子、手锯 B . 手锯、电源线（带插座板） C . 木锤子、锤子 D . 木锤子，电源线（带插座板）

A . 2in、4in B . 3in、4in C . 1/4in、1/8in D . 1/3in、1/4in

A . 7 in B . 7 in C . 8in D . 9i

A . the signal to noise of the current optical amplifier B . the signal to noise of the previous amplifier or source C . the signal to noise introduced by the optical multiplexer D . the accumulated noise to signal ratio of the optical channel

M: Well, it's a combination of things, but at the top of the list I think I'd put being truthful. Staff have certain expectations of how they should be treated and they want their managers to be fair. Not telling your staff what's happening is a sure way of losing their respect. You need to concentrate on solving problems, not hiding them. W: But not all problems can be solved, can they？ M: Most can, actually, but that's not the point. The thing is, instead of reacting after the dam-ages done, you should be talking to staff about how things are going and avoiding a situation where they come to see you about the problems after the event. The trick is to decide what problems might arise before they actually happen. W: What about having staff work together？ How should that be managed？ M: Well, some people appear to like working on their own, but in most companies, people who work on their own do so because they have been neglected. They have been given a task and their boss is not in-terested in how it is being done. This makes their sense of achievements smaller no matter how hard they work. People who work in teams have dearer overall picture of the work they are involved in. They have a role to play, and they know that if they don't perform. well, it is not only the business is going to suffer but also the other members of their team. So it is up to managers to create teams within their organization and encourage this team spirit. It raises performance. W: How is this best done？ M: Well, it's important to identify certain key employees among your staff and give them particular support and attention. If these key people are encouraged in their work, they would perform. better themselves, and more importantly raise the general level of performance of all the others in their area. W: Isn't it also a question of recruitment？ M: Yes, yes, lots of difficulties in staff management arise because mangers genuinely don't know how to select the right person. Sometimes interviewees are chosen on the basis of written personality tests which hear no relation with the work they'll be actually doing. Many managers admit that they sometimes ignore the lack of appropriate skills in recruiting the staff. I'd say that in the vast majority of cases they simply opt for the candidates who's made the best impression in half an hour or so... F: So, what should we have instead？ M: Well, the selection procedure should involve matching the skills and knowledge of the applicant to the actual job. And they should be done in the most immediate and relevant way possible, for example, if you try to recruit a trainer for your company, an important part of the inter-view should involve the applicant giving a pre-pared training session. Training is what they'll be doing, so you should see them in operation be-fore employing them. F: That sounds sensible. The final question, Brian, is about discipline, which is perhaps the hardest factor to get it right. What is the latest thinking？ B: Umm, well, the issues are: should you be a hard, unfriendly boss, make sure everyone obey your order without a question, or should you be more sympathetic and listen to your employees' difficulties？ Then there will be time when you have to discipline someone who has done some-thing wrong. It can be difficult if you are on very friendly terms with them. So a certain distance is necessary. On the either hand, if you are too un-approachable, you may not be made aware of important problems. M: Well, thank you, Brian. I'm sure plenty of managers out there will find out our talk very interesting. ？You will hear a radio interview with Brian Williams, a management expert. The interview deals with staf A．being able to concentrate. B．being honest. C．being respected.

What is true of his new book？ A．Mediocre. B．Bad. C．Not as good as was expected by the publishing house. D．A success.

A．will influence the price of paper industry B．is a product delivered to the final user C．is a consumer product D．is an industrial product 此题为多项选择题。

When the author says university publishing has entered into dangerous arithmetic(lines 2-3, para. 1)he means______. A．publishers are losing money B．publishers have underestimated their problems C．publishing is not reflecting market demand D．publishing is overproducing due to bad estimates of sales

These are not the usual hard-boiled Raymond Chandler imitations found in some bookstores and at airport lounges. The works, written originally in German, French, Spanish and Italian, offer social criticism and a slice of culture with the who-done-it, according to Von Hurter, who likened some of Bitter Lemon's titles to travel fiction. The books, translated into English for the first time, take readers to locales like Mexico City, Munich and Havana. "I'd always go to bookstores in countries where I can read" the language, 58-year old von Hurter told Reuters while in New York this month to promote the company. In fact, he admits to making sure that, whenever possible, his U.S. flights went through Minneapolis, which has one of his favorite second-hand bookstores. Von Hurter, born and raised in Geneva, Switzerland, and a graduate of University of Pennsylvania's Wharton business school, is not the only Wall Street veteran financing Bitter Lemon Press. His brother Frederic von Hurter, a former commodities trader at Cargill, the Minneapolis food giant, and Laurence Colchester, a former economist at Citibank, are partners. Though the trio speaks French, Greek, German and Italian, they employ translators to bring the books to life in English. Francois yon Hurter would not detail how much of the groups' s own money they put into Bitter Lemon. Bitter Lemon has published six books in Britain and has plans for five rifles in the next six months or so as part of its launch in the United States. One such title, "Thumbprint", is a mystery written by Friedrich Glauser, who was born in Vienna in 1896 and has been referred to as a Swiss Simenon—a reference to the noted Belgian mystery writer known for his French detective Maigret. "Thumbprint", translated from German, has been one of the Bitter Lemon's most popular books, selling 5,000 copies. Other Bitter Lemon titles include Gunter Ohnemus' "The Russian Passenger", the story of a cab driver who gets entangled with the Russian Mafia that has been translated from German, and "The Snowman" by Jorg Fauser, a German author born in 1944 who died in 1987. "Fauser was one of the romantic heroes of post-war German literature, a friend of Charles Bukowski... he is now being rediscovered," news magazine Der Spiegel noted in July, responding to a biography of Fauser published this summer. As a banker for First Boston, known today as Credit Suisse First Boston, and Morgan Stanley, Francois von Hurter worked not only in New York but London and Saudi Arabia. Among other deals, he had a hand in Seagram Co Ltd' s purchase of MCA Inc. and Coca-Cola Co.'s purchase of Columbia Pictures. And while the players are different, book publishing has some similarities to Wall Street's merger business. Like a company put up for sale, a book needs a specific market and needs to have potential for growth. "You have to put together a business plan ... negotiate with suppliers like printers, a sales force and distributors. You need to apply the same marketing savvy to decide how to position the book," he said. What is different about this latest venture, though, is that the hours spent in the office seem to race by much more rapidly." In a way, the hardest part of the second career, is that it creates such enthusiasm that you tend never to turn off," he said. "The line between yo A．English mystery novels written by London-based writers. B．Mystery novels which offer social criticism and a slice of culture, written originally not in English. C．Travel fiction which take readers to locales like Mexico City, Munich and Havana. D．Hard-boiled mystery novels translated into English for the first time.

Another example is photography: by the end of this year, tile number of images captured digitally each day is expected to surpass the number of images captured on film. With digital cameras and other devices linked to personal computers, we can collect vast amounts of data, which fortunately takes up little or no closet space. Today's average personal computer has a hard drive that can store 300 times more information than a decade ago. Technologies, such as broadband e-commerce, are expected to be the primary means of delivering entertainment and media by the end of this decade. Even life itself is increasingly digitized. The human genome(基因组), the recipe for our genetic makeup, has been mapped and encoded and researchers are harnessing the power of computing to accelerate the development, of new, lifesaving drugs. The implications of this broad, digital revolution are enormous, although they tend to be over-shadowed by the struggles of high-tech industries to recover from the go-go years of the 1990s. Those struggles are real, yet there are reasons for optimism about a return to robust economic growth and job creation in the next several years. The digital innovations(创新) of the past two decades continue to bear fruit, so stay tuned for good news--digitally, of course. Digital technologies really began to take form. when ______. A．information was encoded B．DVD technology was introduced C．it was used with photography D．used in computing

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