The cost is going up for just about everything, and college tuition is no exception. According to a nation- wide survey【21】by the College Board's Scholarship Service,【22】at most American universities will be【23】of 9 percent higher this year over last.
The biggest increase will occur at private colleges. Public colleges, heavily subsidized by rax funds, will also【24】their tuition, but the increase will be a few percentage points【25】than their privately sponsored neighbors.
As a follow-up, the United Press international did their own study【26】Massachussetts Institute of Technology. At M. I. T. advisors recommended that students have $ 8,900【27】for one year's expenses, including $ 5,300 for tuition, $ 2,685 for room and【28】, $ 630 for personal expenses, and $ 285 for books and supplies. Ten years ago the tuition was only $ 2,150. To【29】that another way, the cost has climbed 150 percent in the last【30】.
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A．published
B．declared
C．written
D．quoted
One of Britain's few distinctive contributions to world culture may come to an end, according to a survey that suggests holiday postcards are more and more given up because of emails and instant messages in mobile phones.
More than half of the 1000 holiday-makers interviewed said they had decided to send fewer cards, turning instead to their electronic rivals. A quarter of the respondents (受调查者) regard postcards as old-fashioned and slow to arrive. A further 14% admitted that thinking of something to fill the space was too challenging, compared with a call home.
Although officially invented by a Hungarian, Emanuel Herrmann, in 1869, the idea of illustrated cards was taken up with most enthusiasm in Victorian Britain, joining Gothic architecture and landscape gardening as fields for which the country was famous.
"If the British postcard did disappear, we would lose forever something of great importance to the nation, "said Chris Mottershead of Thomson Holidays, which did the survey. He was backed by Marie Angelou of Sussex University, who has investigated the importance of sending and receiving postcards. "Postcards are nothing like phone calls, instant messages and direct photo shots via the mobile, "she said. "All these are useful, practical devices, but postcards offer something else, something additional that is not simply functional, but imaginative and personal. They can create the real atmosphere of your holiday in a way that nothing else can do. They are also for more than a moment—with some people adding them to collections built up over years and years.
Who first got the idea of illustrated cards？
A．Emanuel Herrmann.
B．Victorian Britain.
C．Chris Mottershead.
D．Marie Angelou.
According to reports in major news outlets, a study published last week included a startling discovery: the nation's Jewish population is in shrinking. The study, the National Jewish Population Survey, found 5.2 million Jews living in the United States in 2000, a drop of 5 percent, or 300,000 people, since a similar study in 1990. What's truly startling is that the reported decline is not tree. Worse still, the sponsor of the $6 million study, United Jewish Communities, knows it.
Both it and the authors have openly admitted their doubts. They have acknowledged in interviews that the population totals for 2000 and 1990 were reached by different methods and are not directly comparable. The survey itself also cautions readers, in a dauntingly technical appendix, that judgment calls by the researchers may have led to an undercount. When the research director and project director were asked whether the data should be construed to indicate a declining Jewish population, they flatly answered no. In addition, other survey researchers interviewed pointed to other studies with population estimates as high as 6.7 million.
Despite all this, the two figures --5.2 million now, 5.5 million then --are listed by side in the survey, leaving the impression that the population has shrunk. The result, predictably, has been a rash of headlines trumpeting the illusionary decline, in turn touching off jeremiads by rabbis and moralists condemning the religious laxity behind it. Whether out of ideology, ego, incompetence or a combination of all three, the respected charity has invented a crisis.
United Jewish Communities is the coordinating body for a national network of Jewish philanthropies with combined budgets of $2 billion. Its population surveys carry huge weight in shaping community policy. This is not the first time the survey has set off a false alarm. The last one, conducted by a predecessor organization, found that 52 percent of American Jews who married between 1985 and 1990 did so outside the faith. That number was a fabrication produced by including marriages in which neither party was Jewish by anyone's definition, including the researchers.
Its publication created a huge stir, inspiring anguished sermons, books and conferences. It put liberals on the defensive, emboldened conservatives who reject full integration into society and alienated ordinary folks by the increasingly xenophobic tone of Jewish communal culture. The new survey, to its credit, retracts that figure and offers the latest survey has spawned a panic created by the last one.
So why did the organization flawed figures once again？ Some scholars who have studied the. survey believe the motivation then came partly out of a desire to shock straying Jews into greater observance. It' s too early to tell if that' s the case this time around. What is clear is the researchers did their job with little regard to how their data could be misconstrued. They used statistical models and question formats that, while internally sound, made the new survey incompatible with the previous one. For example, this time the researchers divided the population of 5.2 million into two groups--"highly involved" Jews and "people of Jewish background"- and posed most questions only to the first group. As a result, most findings about belief and observance refer only to a subgroup of American Jews, making comparisons to the past impossible.
We can' t afford to wait a decade before these figures are revised. The false population decline must be corrected before it further sours communal discourse. The United Jewish Communities owes it to itself and its public to step forward and state plainly what it knows to be true: American Jews are not disappearing.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true about the National Jewish Population Survey？
A．It found a decline of 300,000 Jews in ten years.
B．It was carded out by United Jewish Communities.
C．This is the first time United Jewish Communities has made mistakes in the population survey.
D．The reported decline is not reliable.
