A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes, Most【B1】history courses primarily concentrate on polities, economies, and war. But art history【B2】on much more than this【B3】art reflects not only the political【B4】of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition,【B5】about the daily activities of our【B6】or of people very different from our own can be provided by art, In short, art【B7】the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it【B8】offers us a deeper understanding【B9】can be found in most history, books.

A . It provides a graphic display to emphasize which vessel is on a collision course B . In the true presentation，it provides a quick visual check to determine if a vessel has changed course C . The display is one of the primary inputs and must be in use when using the trial maneuver capability D . It provides a graphic display of a target vessel's relative course，speed，and CPA

A．clean B．perfect C．real D．brief

A．follow a direct line of ascent B．also appeal greatly to adults C．are not characterized by technological progress D．reflect the pace of social progress 此题为多项选择题。

A．Y B．N C．NG

A.except for B.instead of C.in addition to D.in spite of

A．prescriptive B．synchronic C．descriptive D．diachronic

A．are bought B．are not displayed to the public C．often must be constructed D．do not require research

此题为判断题(对，错)。

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003．At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $ 65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of art Economics, a research firm-double the figure five year earlier. Since then it may have come down to $ 50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst's sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008．Within weeks the world's two biggest auction houses, Sotheby's and Christie's, had to pay out nearly $ 200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them. The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionist at the end of 1989．This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie's chief executive, says: "I'm pretty confident we're at the bottom. " What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds--death, debt and divorce-still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as "a last victory" because______. A．the art marker had witnessed a succession of victories B．the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids C．Beautiful inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces D．it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis

A．wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality B．intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist C．wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college D．intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals 此题为多项选择题。

In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is (7)_____; that is, facts about political are given, but (8)_____ are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is (9)_____: it reflects emotions and impressions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya severely criticized the Spanish government for its (10)_____ of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic (11)_____ were used in Pablo Picasso's Guemica to express the (12)_____ of War. (13)_____, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera depicted these Mexican artists' concealed (14)_____ and sadness about social problems. In the same way, art can (15)_____ a culture's religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was (16)_____ the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. (17)_____ most people couldn't read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. (18)_____, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its (19)_____ of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are (20)_____. A．interesting B．plausible C．superior D．typical

A．suppressing painters' art initiatives. B．favoring a Botticelli's best paintings. C．rejecting traditional art characteristics. D．undervaluing Botticelli's achievements. 此题为多项选择题。

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics , a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst's sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world's two biggest auction houses, Sotheby's and Christie's, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them. The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie's chief executive, says: " I'm pretty confident we're at the bottom. " What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as "a last victory" because_________. A．the art market had witnessed a succession of victories B．the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids C．Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces D．it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis

Mainframe. computers helped greatly in the highly laborious task, which dates back to the Renaissance, of cataloging each reference of a particular word in a particular work. Concordances help scholars scrutinize important texts for patterns and meaning. Other humanities applications for computers in this early era of technology included compiling dictionaries, especially for forei8n or antiquated languages, and cataloging library collections. Such types of computer usage in the humanities may seem limited at first, but they have produced some interesting re suits in the last few years and promise to continue to do so. As computer use and access have grown, so has the number of digitized texts of classic literary works. The computer-hosed study of literary texts has established its own niche in academia. Donald Foster, an English professor at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York, is one of the leaders in textual scholarship. In the late 1980s Foster created SHAXICON, a database that tracks all the "rare" words used by English playwright William Shakespeare. Each of these words appears in any individual Shakespeare play no more than 12 times. The words can then be cross-referenced with some 2,000 other poetic texts, allowing experienced researchers to explore when they were written, who wrote them, how the author was influenced by the works of other writers, and how the texts changed as they were reproduced over the centuries. In late 1995 Foster’s work attracted widespread notice when he claimed that Shakespeare was the anonymous author of an obscure 578-1ine poem, A Funeral Elegy (1612). Although experts had made similar claims for other works in the past, Foster gained the backing of a number of prominent scholars because of his computer-based approach. If Foster’s claim holds up to long-term judgment, the poem will be one of the few additions to the Shakespearean canon in the last 100 years. Foster’s work gained further public acclaim and validation when he was asked to help identify the anonymous author of the heat-selling political novel Primary Colors (1996). After using his computer program to compare the stylistic traits of various writers with those in the novel, Foster tabbed journalist Joe Klein as the author. Soon after, Klein admitted that he was the author. Foster was also employed as an expert in the case of the notorious Unabomber, a terrorist who published an anonymous manifesto in several major newspapers in 1995. Foster is just one scholar who has noted the coming of the digital age and what it means for traditional fields such as literature. "For traditional learning and humanistic scholarship to be preserved, it, too, must be digitized," he wrote in a scholarly paper. "The future success of literary scholarship depends on our ability to integrate those electronic texts with our ongoing work as scholars and teachers, and to exploit fully the advantages offered by the new medium." Foster noted that people can now study Shakespeare via Internet Shakespeare Editions, using the computer to compare alternate wordings in different versions and to consult editorial footnotes, literary criticism, stage history, explanatory graphics, video clips, theater reviews, and archival records. Novelist and literary journalist Gregory Feeley noted that "the simplest (and least radic A．computers have not been very helpful in humanities study until recently B．computers were widely used in all kinds of literary texts very long ago C．computers were invented by International Business Machines Corporation D．computers began to be used for literary study as soon as they were invented

These are not latter-day Henry Tates or Pavel Tretyakovs, democratic visionaries who paid for buildings and donated core collections to kick-start evolving national, state-run institutions. Museum builders of the 1990s and 2000s, by contrast, are products of late capitalism, dedicated to more personal projects, with an individualistic flavor. They represent the legacy of Thatcher-Reagan words of choice, private philanthropy (慈善机构), me-generation celebrity. Together, these and scores more bring diversity and flatten old geographical hierarchies. In Istanbul, collector Sakip Sabanci's museum, founded in 2002, is the first ever to show western modernism in Turkey. Thanks to Dominique de Menil, the greatest collection of paintings by Cy Twombly, who lives in Italy, is on permanent show in Houston, Texas, in a gallery designed in 1995 by Renzo Piano. In 1996 the late collector and dealer Heinz Berggmen launched his Museum Berggruen in Berlin, giving Germany its only Picasso collection. Is all for the best in the best of all possible worlds？ Certainly, more private museums mean more art on display for more people to see. Today's collectors are reluctant to bequeath (遗赠) to established museums, where space shortages mean works may go straight into storerooms and stay there. By contrast, a dedicated museum maintains the integrity of a collection, keeping together outstanding groups of works, assembled with personal flair, in buildings designed to enhance them. Renzo Piano's light, see-through 1997 construction for Ernst Beyeler's cherry-picked modernist paintings in Basel is the shining European example. For contemporary work, private collectors have particular advantages: free of state bureaucracy, they can respond quickly to the fast pace, and show work in ways that are too radical for traditional museums. How did the Louvre, Hermitage, and Prado museums originate according to the passage？ A．Donations of the richest collectors. B．Patronage of private individuals. C．Collections of connoisseurs. D．Encouragements and approval by rulers.

A．dramatist B．novelist C．poet D．essayist