How to Educate Children

In the ancient world, as today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with some other. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all part of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan, and even among the Arctic peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles. (4) A．Because boys and girls are being prepared for different social roles. B．Because boys are more courageous. C．Because toy makers want to diversify their products. D．Because parents have different expectations for boys and girls.

The event is open to new and current corporate(企业法人的) members of MOCA.An understanding and appreciation of art is becoming a must in today's business world.Art can be a valuable tool for seeking new ways to communicate with customers and raising public awareness of your company's role in the community. During the coming months the series will look into the relationship between art,business and community.The series will cover how to understand modern art and how art can help improve a company's image.Art Makes Good Business speakers will include leaders from the business and art worlds.Bookings are required.Space is limited.For more information call 305-893-6211 or visit www..org. 1.The purpose of the museum's new programs is to show ___. A.the management of business by artists B.the role of art in improving business C.the education of modern artists D.the way to design art programs 2.The Art Makes Good Business program is intended for ___. A.the general public B.modern art lovers C.corporate members of MOCA D.people involved in art business 3.MOCA members who take part in the programs can learn ___. A.to become leader in business and art worlds B.to co-operate with other members of MOCA C.the new ways of communication between people D.about the relationship between art,business and community 4.Those who want to attend lectures by Art Makes Good Business speakers must ___. A.make a booking B.pay additional fees C.understand modern art D.be successful managers 5.This advertisement aims to ___. A.improve the relationship between companies B.stress the important role of art in education C.attract MOCA members to the programs D.raise funds for museums of modern art

If you say to your children "I'm sorry I got angry with you, but...", what follows that "but" can render the apology ineffective: "I had a bad day" or "your noise was giving me a headache" leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior. in expecting an apology. Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I'm sorry you're upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying "I'm useless as a parent" does not commit a person lo any specific improvement. These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies. But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children's expectations can require an apology. A twelve-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent's clothes without permission is not. If a mother adds "but" to an apology, ______. A．she doesn't feel that she should have apologized B．she does not realize that the child has been hurt C．the child may find the apology easier to accept D．the child may feel that he owes her an apology

M: If you want your kids to be polite, you'll have to be polite to them. Q: What conclusion can be drawn from this conversation？ (17) A．Children learn by example. B．Children must not tell lies. C．Children don't like discipline. D．Children must control their temper.

A．in B．at C．for D．on

A．4. B．5. C．6.

In America, nearly 10 million children and teenagers visit virtual worlds regularly, estimates eMarketer, a market researcher-a number the firm expects to increase to 15 million by 2013．As in January, there were 112 virtual worlds designed for under-18s with another 81 in development, according to Engage Digital Media, a market research firm. All cater to different age groups and tastes. In Club Penguin, the market leader, which was bought by Disney in 2007 for a whopping $ 700 million, primary-school children can take on a penguin persona, fit out their own igloo and play games. Habbo Hotel, a service run from Finland, is a global hangout for teenagers who want to customise their own rooms and meet in public places to attend events. Gala Online, based in Silicon Valley, offers similar activities, but is visited mostly by older teens who are into Manga comics. Not a hit with advertisers, these online worlds earn most of their money from the sale of virtual goods, such as items to spruce up an avatar or a private room. They are paid for in a private currency, which members earn by participating in various activities, trading items or buying them with real dollars. This sort of stealth tax seems to work. At Gala Online, users spend more than $1 million per month on virtual items, says Craig Sherman, the firm's chief executive. Running such a virtual economy is not easy, which is why Gaia has hired a full-time economist to grapple with problems that are well known in the real world, such as inflation and an unequal distribution of wealth. There are other barriers that could limit the growth of virtual worlds for the young, but the main one is parents. Many do not want their offspring roaming virtual worlds, either because they are too commercial or are thought to be too dangerous. Keeping them safe is one of the biggest running costs, because their sponsors have to employ real people to police their realms. Youngsters are also a fickle bunch, says Simon Levene of Accel Partners, a venture- capital firm. Just as children move from one toy to another, they readily switch worlds or social networks, often without saying goodbye. Even so, Debra Aho Williamson, an analyst at eMarketer, believes "these worlds are a training ground for the three-dimensional web". If virtual worlds for adults, which so far have been able to retain only hardcore users, manage to hang on for a few years, they may yet have a second life. In the first paragraph it says that "Several have even found a way to make money" Which of the following could possibly be the "way" ？ A．Sales of the copies of the game. B．Sales of virtual goods in the game. C．Sales of game peripheral goods, such as dolls and OST CDs. D．Development of different games towards gamers of different ages.

A．Three or five years. B．Three or four years. C．Three to four years.

A．for B．after C．at D．through

There was a certain artist who was always very careful to pay the proper amount. One year, after posting his check as usual, he began to wonder if he had paid enough, and after a lot of work, with a pencil and paper, he decided that he had not.He believed that he owed the government something. He was just writing another check to send to the tax-collector when the postman dropped a letter into the box at the front door.Opening it, the artist was surprised to find inside it a check for five pounds from the tax-collector.The official explained that too much had been paid, and that therefore the difference was now returned to the taxpayer. 21.It is mentioned in the passage that one has to pay tax according to(). A.how much education one has received B.whether one is single or married C.how old one's children are 22.The underlined word "proper" in the second paragraph means(). A.small B.big C.right 23.After a lot of work, the artist thought that he had paid the government() A.less tax than he should have B.more tax than he should have C.as much tax as usual 24.What did the artist receive() A.A check from the bank clerk. B.A check from the tax-collector. C.A gift from the tax-collector. 25.Why did that tax-collector send a letter to the artist() A.To send him a new tax form. B.To return the money over-paid. C.To remind him of paying the tax.

Fairy tales were not always intended for children.We know this because some of these stories have existed for hundreds of years and were passed down from generation to generation through songs and drama.They were considered entertainment for everyone, not only for young people.In these ancient stories, the heroes were extremely clever, fiercely independent, and never gave up.Over the years, some of the heroes’ qualities and story lines have been changed to fit the times. Psychologists think that fairy tales have a positive influence on children because they present the two sides of good and evil very clearly.When children hear the stories, they develop sympathetic feelings for the heroic characters.In each tale, they can see that there are many different kinds of people in the world and that we all have a choice about what kind of person we want to be.We can choose to do good actions, rather that bad ones, in our lives. What kind of values can children learn from fairy tales？ In “The Princess and the Pea,” a poorly dressed girl who insists she is a princess is given a difficult test by the Queen.When she passes the test, we learn that she is rewarded because she stayed true to herself.In “The Little Mermaid,” the mermaid(美人鱼)who lives under the sea longs to be with the humans on land.Through her experiences, we learn about the importance of living with and accepting other cultures.In “Pinocchio,” a wooden puppet(木偶)turns into a boy when he finally learns how to tell the truth. Teaching values is the reason most often given for teaching literature and encouraging reading.These old stories can indeed teach us lessons about human relationships that are universal(普遍的) enough to survive throughout the centuries.This might be the reason why they have been around for so long and are unlikely to disappear any time soon. 1.What do we learn about fairy tales from the passage？ _______ A.They are written solely for children B.They teach universal lessons about human relationships C.They are all passed down through songs and drama D.They are adapted to TV and movies as entertainment 2.Why do fairy tales have a positive influence on children？ A.Good and evil are presented in way they can easily understand B.The characters are all good examples for them to follow C.The heroes go through all kinds of hardships but never give up D.There are many different kinds of characters for them to imitate 3.Some of the heroes’ qualities in fairy tales have been changed over the years ________. A.to reflect the change of values B.to suit the tastes of different people C.to arouse the interest of little children D.to adapt to the change of the times 4.Children who have heard about the story of the little mermaid might ________. A.learn to be better self-disciplined B.be more likely to tell the truth than to tell lies C.learn to stay true to themselves all their lives D.be better able to accept foreign cultures 5.Parents encourage children to read fairy tales so that they ________. A.can entertain themselves without bothering others B.can get to know great literature of the world C.can stay away from violence shown on TV D.can learn how to behave in society

One year，after posting his check as usual，he began to wonder if he had paid enough，and after a lot of work，with a pencil and paper，he found that he had not. He thought that he owed the government something. He was just writing another check to send it to the tax collector when the postman dropped a letter into the box at the front door. Opening it，the artist was surprised to find inside it a check for five pounds from the tax collector. The official explained that too much had been paid，and that therefore the difference was now returned to the taxpayer. 11. According to the passage，to decide the exact amount of tax to be paid is ____________. A. simple B. easy C. difficult D. interesting 12. It is mentioned in the passage that one has to pay tax according to ____________. A. how much education one has received B. whether one is single or married C. how old one’s children are D. where one lives 13. The word “proper” in the second paragraph means __________. A. small B. big C. right D. wrong 14. After a lot of work，the artist thought that he had paid the government ____________. A. less tax than he should have B. more tax than he should have C. as much tax as usual D. just enough tax 15. Why did the tax collector send a letter to the artist？ A. To send him a new tax form. B. To return the money overpaid. C. To remind him of paying the tax. D. To explain the rules of tax paying.