One case study may be the main subject of an essay, or several may be included to illustrate different situations.

A . exonerate B . exhaust C . exercise D . examine

A . failure of the proper operation of emergency generator B . insulation of piping including exhaust pipes in engine room contaminated by oil C . improper operation of bilge of bilge of bilge pumping arrangements D . damaged sanitary pum

A . when B . which C . that D . the

A . himself B . the owner C . him D . the shipper

A . the Assured and their servants and agents B . the Assurer and his servants and agents C . the Charterer and his servants and agents D . the Operator and his servants and agent

A . with B . by C . on D . i

A . the eye of the second line is dipped B . the mooring lines are doubled C . the bollard has two horns D . one of the lines is a breast line

A . Rhythm B . Period C . Intensity D . Color

A . Ciphertext B . Salt C . Cryptotext D . Rainbow table

For want of better names， we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward. In general， the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news ofcrime and corruption， accidents and disasters， sports， social events， and human interest. Delayedreward may be expected from news of public affairs， economic matters， social problems， science， education， and health. News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experiencewithout any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder， shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane， identify himself with the winning team， laughunderstandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs. News of the second kind， however， pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader totolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as， for example， when he reads of the threatening foreignituation， the mounting national debt， rising taxes， falling market， scarce housing， and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news， he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind， he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world. For any individual， of course， the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example， asociologist may read news of crime as a social problem， rather than for its immediate reward. Acoach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. Apolitician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting， not for its delayed reward， but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster， a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience， but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore， while the division of categories holds in general， an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another， or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward. What news stories do you read？ Division of news stories People expect to get （71） ▲ from reading news. News stories are roughly divided into two classes. Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won’t. （72） ▲ of the two classes News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual （73） ▲ . Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and （74） ▲ similar feelings with those involved. News of delayed reward will make readers suffer， or present a（75） ▲ to them. News of delayed reward will induce the reader to （76） ▲ for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to （77） ▲ from the reality. Unstable boundaries of the two classes What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their （78） ▲ . Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and （79） ▲ themselves to the reality. Thus， the division， on the whole， （80） ▲ on the reader. __________

M: Well, okay. I still need the report that he was going to present at the meeting, and our partners are going to start arriving in ten minutes. W: Carl told me to get the report and give it to you. M: Good. Get it to Bryan as soon as possible, and tell him that he's going to have to present Carl's report. I'll meet the partners and try to give Bryan enough time so that he can familiarize himself with the key points. What is Carl's problem？ A．He is not prepared for an interview. B．He needs to book some time-off. C．He is not feeling well. D．He needs a report for a meeting.

M: I am planning to do just that. Q: What will the man probably do？ (13) A．Rub his boots. B．Wear his boots. C．Buy a pair of boots. D．Bring some books.

A.at least two jets of water which shall be from the same length of hose B.at least two jets of water emanating from the same hydrant C.at least two jets of water not emanating from the same hydrant D.at least two jets of water not emanating from the same hydrant，one of which shall be from a single length of hose

A．afunnyTVprogram B．atalkshow C．agameshow D．anovel

In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the market place. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern mar ket economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money. An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each goods and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of ad ministering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, Shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy. In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: parent age, religion, and custom fix every person' s place within the economic system. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result. What is the main purpose of the passage？ A．To outline contrasting types of economic systems. B．To explain the science of economics. C．To argue for the superiority of one economic system. D．To compare barter and money-exchange markets.

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The first study was done at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. Researchers pumped extra carbon dioxide into a test area where pine trees were growing. The trees grew thirty-four percent faster during the first three years. However, in time, the trees slowed to about their normal growth rate. The scientists say this is because trees need other nutrients, such as nitrogen. In the second study, researchers from Duke and Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine examined the soil around trees. They discovered that as the leaves broke down into the soil, all the carbon was not trapped in the soil. Much of it was released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. The findings of the two studies were published last month in Nature magazine. They suggest there is limited value in planting trees to reduce the carbon dioxide pollution in the atmosphere. Forest planting has been a part of negotiations on a world agreement to reduce greenhouse gases that scientists believe cause global warming. The United States, Canada, Japan and some other industrial countries have supported the idea. But this new research suggests the idea is not as effective as environmental activists had thought. Scientist Ram Oren of Duke University led the study on tree growth. He says that earlier estimates on the ability of forests to absorb carbon dioxide were overly hopeful. Some scientists not involved in the studies say the research provides some of the first evidence on how trees react to carbon dioxide. Other scientists say the research disputes a belief among some coal and power companies. The companies say that rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will not create harmful global warming. Instead, they say it will increase forests and other plants. What is the purpose of this passage？ A．Introduce some new ideas about the relationship between trees and carbon dioxide. B．Introduce recent condition of global industrial pollution. C．Call on people to plant more trees to reduce greenhouse gases. D．Point out that power companies should be responsible for the rising levels of carbon dioxide.