Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

A . Questions from 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

A . Questions from 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

A、He is a tour guide B、He is a famous architect C、He is a local enterpreneur D、He is the owner of the Hill House

A．Last week． B．Three’weeks ago． C．Two months ago． D．Three years ago．

Until a few years ago, the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness. Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition. Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva (唾液) slows. Our mouths are full of bacteria feeding on protein in bits of food and shed tissue. The bacteria emit evil smelling gases, the worst of which is hydrogen sulfide (硫 化物). Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions. Oxygen rich saliva keeps their numbers down. When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulfur producing bacteria gain the upper hand, producing classic “morning breath”. Alcohol hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath. So can stress, though it’s not understood why. Some people’s breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview. Saliva flow gradually slows with age, which explains why the elderly have more bad breath trouble than younger people do. Babies, however, who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath. For most of us, the simple, dry mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured. Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria. Breakfast often stops morning breath. Those with chronic dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum, hard candy, or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria. Surprisingly, one thing that rarely works is mouthwash. The liquid can mask bad breath odor with its own smell, but the effect lasts no more than an hour. Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath. The trouble is, they don’t necessarily reach all offending germs. Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus (粘液). If the mouthwash contains alcohol-as most do-it can intensify the problem by drying out the mouth. 第31题：The phrase “emanate from” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “________”. A) thrive on B) account for C) originate from D) descend from

A．human brains differ considerably B．the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence C．environment is crucial in determining a person’s intelligence D．persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence

There are two types of people in the world.Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy, while the other becomes unhappy.This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds. People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things: the pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine and the fine weather.They enjoy all the cheerful things.Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things.Therefore, they are continually dissatisfied.By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of society, offend(hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere.If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied.The intention of ccriticizing and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation.It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors.The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes.I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit. Though in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck.Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect.This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments.If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune, nobody wishes them success.Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes.If they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their wrong doings.These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others.If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them.Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels. 21.According to the passage，those who are unhappy _______. A.always consider things differently from others B.are usually influenced by the result of certain things C.can discover the unpleasant part of certain things D.usually have the habit of finding faults with others 22. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？ A.All the unhappy people should be pitied even more. B.The unhappy people are critical about everything. C.Most unhappy people want to get rid of their habit. D.The unhappy people are not content with themselves. 23. The phrase "sour the pleasures of society" (Para. 2) most probably means "__________". A.enjoy the displeasure of society B.feel happy with the pleasures of society C.make the company of others less enjoyable D.become discontent with their nation 24. The unhappy people&39;s habit can cause serious consequences. Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences according to the passage？ A.When the unhappy people want to succeed, no one wishes them to. B.The unhappy people can offend many other people without knowing. C.It brings on deep sorrow to the unhappy people themselves as well as others. D.Many people may join to criticize the unhappy people&39;s misconduct. 25. According to the author, if such unhappy people will not change their bad behavior, the solution to the problem is that __________. A.people should understand and forgive them B.people should avoid contact with them C.people should help them get rid of the bad habit D.people should show more respect to them

A．If the recruiter will put in a good word for you with the hiring manager. B．If the recruiter can give you some instructions on the job. C．The information of other applicants. D．Questions about the company or industry in general.

A newstudy shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nations professional economists,a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public. "Asa group, we are pro-market," says Ann Marl May, co-author of the study anda University of Nebraska economist. "But women are more likely to acceptgovernment regulation and involvement in economic activity than our malecolleagues. " "Itsvery puzzling," says free market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. "Not a .day goes by that Idont ask myself why there are so few women economists on the free market side." A nativeof France, de Rugy supported government intervention (干预) early in her life butchanged her mind after studying economics. "We want many of the samethings as liberals--less poverty, more health care--but have radicallydifferent ideas on how to achieve it. " IAberaleconomist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy andResearch, says male economists have been on the inside of the profession,confirming each others antiregulation views. Women, as outsiders, "aremore likely to think independently or at least see people outside of theeconomics profession as forming their peer group," he says. Thegender balance in economics is changing. One-third of economics doctorates (博士学位) now go to women."More diversity is needed at the table when pubflc policy isdiscussed," May says. Economistsdo agree on some things. Female economists agree with men that Europe has toomuch regulation and that Wal-mart is good for society. Male economists agreewith their, female colleagues that military spending is too high. Thegenders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality forwomen. Male economists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and womenis largely the result of indi~fluals skills, experience and voluntary choices.Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by a margin of 4-to-1. Thebiggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economics favormen. Male economists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or theprocess is neutral. What is the finding of the new study？ A.The gender divide is a big concern of the general public. B.Men and women understand economics quite differently. C.The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed. D.Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy,

A pharmaceutical company tested a new painkiller on 1,000 lab rats that were fed large doses of the painkiller for a two-month period. By the end of the experiment, 39 of tile rats had died. The company concluded that the painkiller was sufficiently safe to test on humans. Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the pharmaceutical company's conclusion？ A．The amount of painkiller fed to the rats was substantially greater, in relation to body mass, than the dosage any human would take under normal circumstances. B．Because of the different body chemistry of humans and rats, some compounds can be dangerous for rats but safe for humans, and vice versa. C．Tests of this same painkiller on dogs showed that 3 out of 50 dogs developed lesions on their livers during the course of the experiment. D．The researchers found that during the experiment, the rats showed a significantly lower sensitivity to pain than rats do under normal circumstances. E．In an experiment of this length with this number of rats, it is not unusual for up to 50 rats to die during the experiment for reasons unrelated to the experiment itself.

As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务), self-improvement. Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all. 第31题：According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because ________. A) he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities B) he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single C) he finds more fun in dating than in marriage D) he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement

Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people’s impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle class man or woman may be alienated (疏远…) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person’s education, background, or interests. People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits (套装), including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And collage students who view themselves as taking an active role in their inter-personal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we act ed. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance. In the workplace, men have long had well defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that avail able for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming (打扮)-shorter hair, moderate use of make up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won’t get a job.” 第31题：According to the passage, the way we dress ________. A) provides clues for people who are critical of us B) indicates our likes and dislikes in choosing a career C) has a direct influence on the way people regard us D) is of particular importance when we get on in age

Helicopter Moms vs. Free-Range KidsWould you let your fourth-grader ride public transportation without an adult？ Probably not. Still, when Lenore Skenazy, a columnist for the New York Sun, wrote about letting her son take the subway alone to get back to "Long story short:my son got home from a department store on the Upper East Side, she didn’t expect to get hit with a wave of criticism from readers. “Long story short: My son got home, overjoyed with independence,” Skenazy wrote on April 4 in the New York Sun. “Long story longer: Half the people I’ve told this episode to now want to turn on in for child abuse. As if keeping kids under lock and key and cell phone and careful watch is the right way to rear kids. It’s not. It’s debilitating (使虚弱)—for us and for them.” Online message boards were soon full of people both applauding and condemning Skenazy’s decision to let her son go it alone. She wound up defending herself on CNN (accompanied by her son) and on popular blogs like the buffington post, where her follow-up piece was ironically headlined “More From America’s Worst Mom.” The episode has ignited another one of those debates that divides parents into vocal opposing camps. Are Modern parents needlessly overprotective, or is the world a more complicated and dangerous place than it was when previous generations were allowed to wander about unsupervised？ From the “she’s an irresponsible mother” camp came: “Shame on you for being so careless about his safety,” in Comments on the buffongton post. And there was this from a mother of four: “How would you have felt if he didn’t come home？” But Skenazy got a lot of support, too, with women and men writing in with stories about how they were allowed to take trips all by them selves at seven or eight. She also got heaps of praise for bucking the “helicopter parent” trend: “Good for this Mom,” one commenter wrote on the buffongton post. “This is a much-needed reality check.” Last week, encouraged by all the attention, Skenazy started her own blog—Free Range, kids—promoting the idea that modern children need some of the same independence that her generation had. In the good old days nine-year-old baby boomers rode their bikes to school, walked to the store, took buses—and even subways—all by themselves. Her blog, she says, is dedicated to sensible parenting. “At Free Range Kids, we believe in safe kids. We believe in car seats and safety belts. We do NOT believe that every time school-age children go outside, they need a security guard.” So why are some parents so nervous about letting their children out of their sight？ Are cities and towns less safe and kids more vulnerable to crimes like child kidnap and sexual abuse than they were in previous generations？ Not exactly. New York City, for instance, is safer than it’s ever been; it’s ranked 36th in crime among all American cities. Nationwide, stringer kidnaps are extremely rare; there’s a one-in-a-million chance a child will be taken by a stranger, according to the Justice Department. And 90 percent of sexual abuse cases are committed by someone the child knows. Mortality rates from all causes, including disease and accidents, for American children are lower now than they were 25 years’ ago. According to Child Trends, a nonprofit research group, between 1980 and 2003 death rates dropped by 44 percent for children aged 5 to 14 and 32 percent for teens aged 15 to 19. Then there’s the whole question of whether modern parents are more watchful and nervous about safety than previous generations. Yes, some are. Part of the problem is that with wall to wall Internet and cable news, every missing child case gets so much airtime that it’s not surprising even normal parental anxiety can be amplified. And many middle-class parents have gotten used to managing their children’s time and shuttling them to various enriching activities, so the idea of letting them out on their own can seem like a risk. Back in 1972, when many of today’s parents were kids, 87 percent of children who lived within a mile of school walked or biked every day. But today, the Centers for Disease Control report that only 13 percent of children bike, walk or otherwise t themselves to school. The extra supervision is both a city and a suburb phenomenon. Parents are worried about crime, and they are worried about kids getting caught in traffic in a city that’s not used to pedestrians. On the other hand, there are still plenty of kids whose parents give them a lot of independence, by choice or by necessity. The After School Alliance finds that more than 14 million kids aged 5 to 17 are responsible for taking care of themselves after school. Only 6.5 million kids participate in organized programs. “Many children who have working parents have to take the subway or bus to get to school. Many do this by themselves because they have no other way to get to the schools,” says Dr. Richard Gallagher, director of the Parenting Institute at the New York University Child Study Center. For those parents who wonder how and when they should start allowing their kids more freedom, there’s no clear-cut answer. Child experts discourage a one-size-fits-all approach to parenting. What’s right for Skenazy’s nine-year-old could be inappropriate for another one. It all depends on developmental issue, maturity, and the psychological and emotional makeup of that child. Several factors must be taken into account, says Gallagher. “The ability to follow parent guidelines, the child’s level of comfort in handling such situations, and a child’s general judgment should be weighed.” Gallagher agrees with Skenazy that many nine-year-olds are ready for independence like taking public transportation alone. “At certain times of the day, on certain routes, the subways are generally safe for these children, especially if they have grown up in the city and have been taught how to be safe, how to obtain help if they are concerned for their safety, and how to avoid unsafe situations by being watchful and on their toes.” But even with more traffic and fewer sidewalks, modern parents do have one advantage their parents didn’t: the cell phone. Being able to check in with a child anytime goes a long way toward relieving parental anxiety and may help parents loosen their control a little sooner. Skenazy got a lot of criticism because she didn’t give her kid her cell phone because she thought he’d lose it and wanted him to learn to go it alone without depending on mom—a major principle of free-range parenting. But most parents are more than happy to use cell phones to keep track of their kids. And for those who like the idea of free-range kids but still struggle with their inner helicopter parent, there may be a middle way. A new generation of GPS cell phones with tracking software make it easier than ever to follow a child’s every movement via the Internet—without seeming to interfere or hover. Of course, when they go to college, they might start objecting to being monitored as they’re on parole (假释). 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. When Lenore Skenazy’s son was allowed to take the subway alone, he ________. A．was afraid that he might get lost B．enjoyed having the independence C．was only too pleased to take the risk D．thought he was an exceptional child

During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the afternoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语) as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract (对抗) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam (鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point. Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours. 第31题：If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ________. A) he is a lazy person B) he refuses to follow his own energy cycle C) he is not sure when his energy is low D) he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening

14. According to 'the passage, which results in less rain and lower overall humidity？ [A] cools [B] air rises [C] deserts [D] warm

A．North Americans value punctuality more than Latin Americans． B．To be late for an appointment is not an appropriate behavior in a Latin American cultur e C．A North American tends to come for his / her appointments a little bit lat e D．There is a common standard to determine what is early and what is lat E．

•For each question (13-18), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer sheet for the answer you choose. Success of New Rail Links in Europe The Eurostar company is now running frequent train services using the tunnel built beneath the sea between Britain and France. Millions of passengers have already travelled on Eurostar trains and there are now twenty services a day between London and Paris and nine between London and Brussels. Eurostar has already won 40% of all passengers from the UK to Paris and Brussels but further growth will depend on the business market. The early morning departure to Paris is proving popular, especially for business people from London who need to do a full day's work in the French capital. However. exactly how many of Eurostar's passengers are business travellers is unknown. While first-class accommodation has been 70% fill, many of these passengers are travelling on holiday: one travel agent estimates Eurostar has only 20% of the business travel market. Meanwhile, tour operators report a sharp rise in the sale of short trips to Paris. which, they claim, is largely due to the possibility of travelling by Eurostar. As Eurostar increases the frequency of daily journeys over the next year. it will need more business travellers than ever to fill its trains. However, business travel agents feel that some aspects of Eurostar service could be improved. According to one large business travel agent. "Eurostar's marketing has been poor and it needs to look more closely at doing commercial deals with large travel agents and corporations to become more attractive than airlines". British travel agents alone are now spending over ￡1 million a month with Eurostar. Naturally, they are expecting Eurostar to provide some good deals and flexible tickets. Eurostar is hoping to attract more customers as it expands its network of services. Already, train journeys between London and Paris stop at a few towns and cities enroute. There will also be daytime and overnight services front eighteen other British cities to Paris and Brussels, and planning is in progress for services from London to cities in Holland and Germany. Soon, many major towns and cities in Britain and other European countries will have regular direct connections within Eurostar's network. The demand for Eurostar is forcing airlines to use smaller planes on the London-Paris and London-Brussels service, two of the busiest air routes in the world. One British airline reports a 15% decline in ticket sales to both Paris and Brussels. The crucial marketing aspect in business travel is frequency, Rather than cut frequency, airlines have reduced the size of their aircraft to prevent further losses. However, the large airlines will find it easier to maintain their flight schedules by introducing lower capacity planes. Eurostar threatens mainly the smaller airlines, which already have fewer services and smaller planes. Which of the following statements is not true about Eurostar company？ A．Passengers can travel on its trains through the tunnel. B．It offers frequent train services front London to Paris. C．There are many passengers traveling on Eurostar. D．It offers a variety of services on the train every day.