Cancer is used generically for more than 100 different diseases, including malignant tumors of different sites such as breast, stomach, colon, lung and mouth.【1】The disease arises principally as a consequence of individual exposure to the substances that cause cancer in what individuals inhale, eat and drink, or are exposed to in their personal or work environment. Personal habits, such as tobacco use, dietary and physical activity patterns—well as occupational and environmental conditions—rather than genetic factors, play the major roles in the development of cancer.
Many of the chronic diseases risk and the diseases themselves overlap. In developed countries, cancer is the second-biggest cause of death after cardiovascular disease (CVD), and epidemiological evidence points to this trend emerging in the less developed world. This is particularly true in countries of "transition" or middle income countries such as in South America and Asia. Already more than half of all cancer cases occur in developing countries.
There are approximately 20 million people living with cancer at the moment; by 2020 there will an estimated 30 million. And the impact is far greater than the number of cases alone would suggest.【2】Regardless of prognosis, the initial diagnosis is of- ten perceived by patients as life-threatening, with over one-third of sufferers experiencing clinical anxiety and depression. Cancer can also be profoundly distressing as well as economically disruptive to patients' families. The clinical care of cancer patients is a costly element in public health budgets.
【3】Dietary factors are estimated to account for approximately 30% of cancers in Western countries, making diet second only to tobacco as a preventable cause of cancer. This proportion is thought to be about 20% in developing countries and is projected to grow. As developing countries become urbanized, patterns of cancer, particularly those most strongly associated with diet and physical activity, tend to shift towards the patterns of economically developed countries. Cancer rates also change as populations move between countries and adopt different dietary patterns.
The relative importance of cancers as a cause of death is increasing. The incidence of lung cancer and cancers of the colon and breast generally increases in parallel with economic development, as stomach cancer declines. Cancer is also strongly associated with social and economic status. Cancer risk factors are highest in groups with the least education. In addition, patients in the lower socioeconomic classes have consistently poorer survival rates than those in higher social class.
In recent years, substantial evidence has pointed to the link from overweight and obesity, to many types of cancer such as breast and kidney.【4】The composition of the diet is also important since fruit and vegetables may have a protective effect by decreasing the risk for some cancer types such as oral and gastric cancer.
Regular physical activity has also been seen to have a protective effect in reducing the risk of breast cancer. High intake of preserved meat or red meat might be associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. Another aspect of diet clearly related to cancer risk is the high consumption of alcoholic beverages, which convincingly increase the risk of oral cavity, liver and breast cancers.
The wealth of knowledge that already exists about cancer risk factors provides obvious and ample scope for action to reduce the cancer burden of all countries. After tobacco, overweight and obesity seems to be the most important avoidable cause of cancer.
【5】Given that poor nutrition, physical inactivity, obesity tobacco and alcohol are risk factors common to other chronic diseases such as CVD, type 2 diabetes, and respiratory diseases, conducting a cancer prevention program withi
时间:2023-10-06 12:57:15
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The use of liners in riveted construction is eliminated by using().
A . lapped construction
B . strapped construction
C . joggled construction
D . belted constructio
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Chafing gear is normally used().
A . for portable fenders
B . for ground tackle
C . on the inside of the hawsepipe
D . on mooring line
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()is used for lifting cargo.
A . A mooring winch
B . A windlass
C . A deck crane
D . A lifeboat
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Sidereal time is NOT used().
A . as the basis for star charts
B . to enter a star finder
C . in sight reduction using Pub 249
D . in sight reductions of planet observatio
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Overflow valve is used to ()
A . control the fluid flow through it
B . prevent the pressure before it over the specified valve
C . make the pressure after it steady
D . control the direction of oil flow
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Given a pre-generics implementation of a method:
https://assets.asklib.com/images/image2/2018080110591931008.png
What three changes allow the class to be used with generics and avoid an unchecked warning?()
A . Remove line 14.
B . Replace line 14 with "int i = iter.next();".
C . Replace line 13 with "for (int i : intList) {".
D . Replace line 13 with "for (Iterator iter : intList) {".
E . Replace the method declaration with "sum(List
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EIGRP uses five generic packet types (hello, updates, queries, replies, acknowledgements). If youwished to view the statistics for these packets, which IOS command should you use?()
A . debug eigrp packets
B . show ip eigrp traffic
C . show ip eigrp topology
D . show ip eigrp neighbor
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What is the use of the books of Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals? Their use is to ().
A . Mention signal stations and ice,storm,traffic and port signals
B . Give the international numbers of lights
C . Give the correction of the lights and fog signals
D . Give the information on the lights and fog signal
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Cancer is second only ________ heart disease as a cause of death.
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Though he has suffered from cancer for so many years, it is so strange that he has ______ to the present day.
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Past tense is used in Findings and present tense is used in Conclusion.
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“Smoking may lead to many illnesses, such as the lung cancer.” This sentence is developed by ___________.
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Science is still largely ignorant ________ the causes of many kinds of cancer.
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A patient has had a diagnosis of colon cancer and will need surgical removal of the colon. She will end up with a permanent hole in her abdomen for drainage into a bag. The permanent opening is called a___
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Perception is the way that something is understood or interpreted using your ability to see, hear, or use other senses.
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It is likely that, at some point in the near future, cancer will()heart disease as the leading cause of death in the united states。
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<p>There is a direct correlation between exposure to sun and skin
cancer.( )</p>
A、<p>A太阳暴露与皮肤癌直接相关。 </p>
B、<p> B皮肤暴露在太阳下与皮肤癌直接相关。 </p>
C、<p>太阳暴露与皮肤癌间接相关。</p>
D、<p>皮肤暴露在太阳下与皮肤癌间接相关。</p>
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Cancer is a group of diseases in which there is uncontrolled and disordered growth of__________cells.
A.irrelevant
B.inferior
C.controversial
D.abnormal
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People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day ___11___ the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or ___12___ tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other ___13___ .WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill ___14___ 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it ___15___ stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug.
Its effects are ___16___ those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and ___17___ who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. ___18___ are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes.
WHO has approved plans to help reach its ___19___ of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help ___20___ make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking.
11题选()
A.whether
B.which
C.when
D.what
12题选()A.to chew
B.chew
C.chewing
D.chewed
13题选()A.problems
B.questions
C.results
D.behaviors
15题选()A.difficult
B.inconvenient
C.worrying
D.reasonable
18题选()A.Readers
B.Books
C.Managers
D.Newspapers
20题选()A.Workers
B.manufacturers
C.farmers
D.producers
19题选()A.Objet
B.goal
C.destination
D.direction
14题选()A.at beat
B.at most
C.at worse
D.at least
17题选()A.that
B.this
C.these
D.those
16题选()A.better than
B.similar to
C.consistent with
D.dependent on
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析,谢谢!
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What kind of cancer is the sixth-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide?
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Scientists now believe that artificial-hip implants, previously thought to be safe, may actually increase the risk of cancer in recipients after about 45 years of use. Though these implants do improve the quality of recipients lives, the increased risk of cancer is an unacceptable price to pay for these improvements. Therefore, they should be banned. Which of the following, if true, is the strongest counterargument to the argument above?
A.Artificial-hip implant surgery can cause severe complications, such as infection, chronic fever, and bone degeneration, and these complications can themselves be crippling or even fatal.
B.Almost all artificial-hip implant recipients receive their implants at an age when they are unlikely to live more than an additional 30 years.
C.Although artificial-hip implants increase the risk of cancer after about 45 years of use, a few of the cancers they induce are not fatal.
D.Since artificial-hip implants are not very common, banning them would cause little hardship.
E.Although the benefits of artificial-hip implant surgery have remained substantially the same over the past decade, the price of the surgery has risen considerably.
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The best of the generic business strategies is the integrated cost leadership/differentiation strategy.()
是
否
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"She is a peach." is used to().
A.praise a girl&39; s beauty
B.admire a girl&39; s youth
C.show a girl&39; s shy
D.curse a girl
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In a clinical trial, a chemotherapeutic agent is given to patients with breast cancer metastases. Samples of the cancer cells are obtained and assessed for the presence of death of tumor cells by apop
A.BCL-2
B.p53
C.NF- kappaB
D.Cytochrome P-450
E.Granzyme B