In many industries, consumers return products for warranty repair, replacement, or recycling. （）will become more important as customers demand more flexible and favorable return policies.

A . the sum of the powers used in each load (resistor) B . divided by the number of loads C . always less than the power used in the smallest load D . the sum of the powers used in each individual load never more than the power used in the largest load

A．1960 B．1978 C．1965 D．1963

A．happy… astounding B．forced… unknown C．unafraid … impressive D．inclined… unsurprising E．remiss … inconceivable

A．hotels and restaurants B．show business C．top management group D．real estate development companies

A．France B．England C．the United States D．Canada

A．A.small B．B.large scale C．C.mass D．D.median

A．any movement upward or downward on the budget line will move the consumer to a less preferred point． B．any movement to the northeast to higher indifference curves moves the consumer to a less preferred point． C．the slope of the budget line is as much larger as possible than the marginal rate of substitution． D．All of the above statements are correct．

A．Fifteen years. B．Five years. C．Fourteen years.

A．The mining industry． B．The service industry． C．The construction industry． D．The light industry．

A．other extreme losses in tax revenue B．pleasant feeling the consumers may have C．good consumption the market may sustain D．confidence consumers have over the goods

Matt Flanigan, President, TIA: Well, today I would say speed and bandwidth. Especially, a little smile up to the consumer' is probably a big issue holding back the Internet. But security is also important with electronic commerce. And until they really solve that, people are not gonna feel secure. Host: All right. Well, Let's introduce our guest. We're joined by an executive from Effnet: Tomas Althen. Welcome to the program. We're delighted to have you. Tomas, let's start with this. What sort of Internet issue is Effnet dealing with？ What kind of solutions do you bring to the table？ Tomas Althen, CEO, Effnet Group: The Internet is growing at a very rapid speed at the moment. As you must know, the number of users doubles every year. However, also the information on the net doubles every month. And this calls up the two issues we have been hearing about here, speed and security. Host: Well, let's look at more details. Look at this video about the city council of Stockholm, Sweden. Narrator on the video: Here is the power. The politicians and high civil servants at Stockholm County Council are used to having access to qualified information. Now with everyone using Internet and Intranet, some information has to remain secret. The decision on how to do this are mad here at IT Control. They have found the way to let 10, 000 employees use the Internet but some information can still be accessed only by qualified people. This is the firewall keeping the information system secure. A box in the basement with software from Effnet. Scandinavia is known for its technology. Cellular phones and Internet are part of daily life. And here in Sweden there are some young, very innovative up-starting companies. One is Effnet, founded in 1997 and already on the world market. As the world demands speed and security and reliability, Effnet's gigabit router on a card makes security easier. The generic plug-in card, firewaller and router in one, proves that they are ready to meet the world demand. Host: Well, how does the firewall work？ We were told a few days ago that one of the new methods of transmission was to break everything up into little packets, send them all into the Internet and hope they arrive in the same order, and so on. Is the protection of these packets from being raided is this the principle task of the firewall？ Tomas Althen: You can say that in one sense. You also don't want packets to come in to your data system, or into your network, packets which you don't want to be there. You want to be able to decide for yourself as an organization or as a company: hey, I don't want these guys to be able to access my treasure. And to do that you need to do some filtering. You need to decide which packets are allowed, which packets are not allowed. You have to do that very fast so you don't end up with yet another bottleneck. And we solved that problem. Host: Let's look ahead a couple of years and have you estimate for us how you see this technology evolving. What do you think will be different or new on the horizon in a couple of years？ Tomas？ Tomas Althen: More and more has been put into smaller and smaller spaces. We are making quite a leap in putting all these features on one card. But the next step is clearly putting them on one chip. And we are talking to chip vendors to try to do that as quickly as reasonable. They usually say that one year in this business is seven ordinary years. So, that would be 14 years from now. We'll see things more and more integrated. For Effnet, in two years I would s A．The quality of being easy to use. B．For most of us, broadband access is years in the future. C．To maximize the Internet's sufficiency.

A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

The world's knowledge is said to be doubling every eight years. This knowledge【64】is stimulating economic progress. The need to collect, analyze, and communicate great【65】of information is producing new products and services, creating jobs, and【66】career opportunities. The information age is【67】considered to be a phenomenon of the service sector of the economy,【68】than a product of heavy industry. Certainly, rocketing information technologies are creating new capabilities【69】knowledge-based service spheres.【70】changes just as dramatic are【71】industry, giving people the【72】to do challenging work in exciting new ways. Manufacturing is full【73】in the information age. From design to production, the manufacturing【74】has long been information-intensive. It always has required exacting communication to describe what goes into products and how to make them. Now, computer technology is giving factory managers new【75】to gather all of this information and use it to control production. Telecommunications are producing error-free communication between the design office and the factory. Computer-aided design is enabling engineers to【76】product performances and manufacturing process on video displays, before resources are committed to build and test prototypes. Techniques like these are bringing【77】new advances in manufacturing productivity. Just as coal fueled the【78】to an industrial society, so microelectronics is powering the【79】of the information age. Microelectronic information management tools are【80】U.S. industrial capabilities, which remains【81】to America's economic wellbeing and national security. (63) A．seeking B．stimulating C．shaping D．securing

As the 100th anniversary of the first powered flight approaches in December, the industry it launched is still remarkably primitive. The car industry, created not long after the Wright Brothers made history, is now a global industry dominated by a dozen firms, at least half of which make good profits. Yet commercial aviation consists of 267 international carriers and another 500-plus domestic ones. The world's biggest carrier, American Airlines, has barely 7% of the global market, whereas the world's biggest carmaker, General Motors, has (with its associated firms) about a quarter of the world's automobile market. Aviation has been incompletely deregulated, and in only two markets: America and Europe. Everywhere else deals between governments direction who flies under what roles. These aim to preserve state-owned national flag-carriers, run for prestige rather than profit. And numerous restrictions on foreign ownership make cross-border airline mergers impossible. In America, the big network carriers face barriers to exit, which have kept their route networks too large. Trade unions resisting job cuts and Congressmen opposing route closures in their territory conspire to block change. In Europe, liberalization is limited by bilateral deals that prevent, for instance, British Airways (BA) flying to America from Frankfurt or Pads, or Lufthansa offering transatlantic flights from London's Heathrow. To use the car industry analogy, it is as if only Renaults were allowed to drive on French motorways. In airlines, the optimists are those who think that things are now so bad that the industry has no option but to evolve. Frederick Reid, president of Delta Airlines, said earlier this year that events since the 911 attacks are the equivalent of a meteor strike, changing the climate, creating a sort of nuclear winter and leading to a "compressed evolutionary cycle". So how, looking on the bright side, might the industry look after five years of accelerated development？ According to the author, the deeper problems of aviation industry ______. A．are the effects of various disasters B．are actually not fully recognized C．are attracting a lot of attention D．are not the real cause of airlines' bankruptcy

A．A prototype fuel-efficient vehicle, built five years ago, achieves a very high 81 miles per gallon on the highway and 63 in the city, but its materials are relatively costly. B．Small cars sold by manufacturers in the United States are more fuel efficient now than before the sudden jump in oil prices in 1973. C．Automakers elsewhere in the world have slowed the introduction of fuel-efficient technologies but have pressed ahead with research and development of them in preparation for a predicted rise in world oil prices. D．There are many technological opportunities for reducing the waste of energy in cars and light trucks through weight, aerodynamic drag, and braking friction. E．The promotion of mass transit over automobiles as an alternative mode of transportation has encountered consumer resistance that is due in part to the failure of mass transit to accommodate the wide dispersal of points of origin and destinations for trips.

A．marginal cost is minimized B．social welfare is compromised by overextended resources C．marginal cost equals average fixed costs D．marginal cost equals average total cost