Bowman’s experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness ________.

A . 纤维组织 B . 新月体 C . 硬化的血管 D . 硬化的肾小球 E . 以上均不是

A . has，of B . with，in C . have，in D . with，of

A . A．纤维组织 B . B．新月体 C . C．硬化的血管 D . D．硬化的肾小球 E . E．以上均不是

A . He has benefited from the American education. B . He has been harmed by the American education. C . He has not laid a solid foundation for his academic career. D . He has selected courses that do not support his overall academic formation.

In the study, participants watched a short video of a person conditioned to fear a so-called neutral stimulus-something people normally wouldn't fear--paired with something they find naturally aversive (令人讨厌的), in this case an electrical shock. The person in the video watched colored squares on a computer screen: When a blue square appeared, the person received a mild shock; when a yellow square appeared, there was no shock. The participant in the video responded with distress when the blue square appeared—he would blink hard, tense his cheek muscles and move his hand. "So it's clear that he's uncomfortable, he's in distress," said study team member Andreas Olsson of Columbia University. "And he's already in distress before he receives the shock, you see him anticipate receiving the shock." By contrast the participant in the video appeared relaxed when the yellow square popped up, Participants were told they would take part in a similar experiment, and when presented with the blue square, they responded with fear, anticipating a shock, though they were never actually shocked. "Just by watching, they learn themselves," Olsson explained. This second learning was reflected in the brain. In previous classical conditioning experiments where a fear is learned firsthand, a part of the brain called the amygdala (扁桃核) has been shown to be critical to the development and expression of fears. The scientists monitored the brain activity of each participant during the experiment. Imaging showed that the amygdala responded both when the subjects watched the video of someone else receiving shocks and when they were presented with the blue squares themselves. "We found that the amygdala is involved both when you're watching somebody receiving shocks, and when you're expecting to receive shocks later on yourself," Olsson said. So it seems that similar processes in the brain are triggered both when fears are experienced first-hand and when they are observed in others. In the real world, the finding could explain why some people are afraid of things despite little contact with them. "You learn by observing other people's emotional expressions, and what we are showing is that that can be as effective as having those direct experiences yourself," Olsson said. "That's probably one of the reasons why a lot people are having phobias (恐怖症) of certain kinds of stimuli, such as snakes and spiders." What's people's response to a neutral stimulus？ A．Normally they are not scared by it. B．Usually they are seriously scared by it. C．They feel ridiculous when seeing it. D．They often feel uncomfortable at it.

A．纤维组织 B． 新月体 C． 硬化的血管 D． 硬化的肾小球 E． 以上均不是

A．has，of B．with，in C．have，in D．with，of

A．one B．two C．three D．four

A) It involved nothing more than mere guessing. B) They thought it was going to be a lot of fun. C) It was more straightforward than other experiments. D) They sensed no harm in a little girl’s experiment.

A.general B.liquid C.container D.heavy

Dr. Jorge Yunis of the University of Minnesota Medical School in Minneapolis has found that 70 percent of oncogenes, or cancer-causing genes, are located near inherited weak points on chromosomes(染色体). Varying from individual to individual, vulnerable to chemical carcinogens(致癌剂), X rays and other cancer-inducing agents. "If a chromosome snaps apart in the immediate vicinity of an oncogene," says Yunis, "normal genetic control mechanisms could break down and the stage would be set for the formation of cancer." Younis has shown that such a sequence occurs at the beginning of numerous leukemias (白血病), lymphomas(淋巴瘤) and some tumors of the lung, colon(结肠) and breast. Yunis and other investigators have found that petroleum-based products--notably pesticides and insecticides-damage specific sites on at least two of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes that carry genetic information. Similarly, tobacco smoke tends to attack a part of another chromosome. From paragraph 1, we know that some 40 genes involving in cancer are ______. () A．harmful to the human body B．necessary to the human body C．the elements that form. cancer D．useless to the human body

A．obtain B．improve C．benefit D．continue

是 否