《The Problem of Social Cost》一文是下列哪位经济学家写的（）

Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930's when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies. Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market- related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected. As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate--that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems. Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage？ ______ A．What causes labor market pathologies that result in suffering. B．Why income measures are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty. C．Which of the currently used statistical procedures are the best for estimating the incidence of hardship that is due to unemployment. D．How social statistics give an unclear picture of the degree of hardship caused by tow wages and insufficient employment opportunities.

M: Well, of course it is an increasingly serious problem, I mean a fairly large part of the old population becomes confined to the house. They cannot go out, because they don't want to trouble others, thus little by little they become a burden to the younger generation. Q: What are the speakers talking about？ (17) A．Population explosion. B．Generation Gap. C．Problem of the aged. D．Climate changes.

A、itself B、must C、did D、never

A.Cutivated Australian B.Private Australian C.GeneralAuistralian D.BroadAustralian 此题为多项选择题。

A.approach B.heart C.cause D.solution

In January, the University of Illinois-Chicago junior was charged with drunken driving. He pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor (轻罪), paid a fine and got court supervision, but that brought him to the attention of immigration officials and triggered deportation proceedings. "It was one mistake in my life," he says. Padilla's impending deportation, catapulted (猛投) him into a campaign to stop the deportation of college students and recent graduates. Lawmakers, students, members of the clergy and other acti-vists hope to buy the students time and use their stories to push for laws that would allow them, and perhaps millions of other illegal immigrants, to earn legal status, says Joshua Hoyt of the Illinois Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agreed last week to delay Padilla's deportation for a year, making him one of at least seven young illegal immigrants who have had their deportations delayed since June, according to Dream Activist, one of the groups spearheading the campaign. Family ties and community standing are among the factors ICE considers when asked to delay a deportation, says ICE spokesman Richard Rocha. "I want to graduate college and give back to this country," Padilla says. His supporters flooded the Department of Homeland Security with thousands of faxes and designed a Facebook page telling 2 800 members how to help. The Chicago City Council passed a resolution in his behalf, and Rep. Jan Schakowsky, D-Ill. , introduced a bill specifically for him that would allow him to stay. "Why would we deprive ourselves of outstanding students and future leaders？" she asks. "They had no part in the decision to come here. " There are 12 million illegal immigrants in the USA. Activists call for an overhaul of immigration law that would offer them a way to earn legal status. Rep. Luis Gutierrez, Dill. , introduced a bill Tuesday that would give illegal immigrants who pay fines, pass background checks and meet other requirements a path toward legal residency. College students who are illegal immigrants fail under a separate proposal called the Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act--the DREAM Act. Requirements would include arrival in the USA at 15 or younger, a five-year residency or more, and at least two years of college or military service. Versions of the act have been introduced since 2001 without success. Padilla could be deported because ______. A．he was charged with drunken driving B．he had no Social Security number C．he did not get the financial aid in the college D．he was an illegal in,migrant

A．Over productivity. B．Violence. C．Divorce. D．Suicide.

A．Keep the public informed and especially to advise politicians and other influential persons. B．The scientists should make the technological assessment of foreseeable benefits and harmful effects. C．One thing scientists can and should do is to counteract the tendency of the news media to exaggererate and sensationalize new developments. D．A scientist should be responsible for presenting a？ true picture to the public about new developments in his own field,and for indicating possible implications so far as he can see them. 此题为多项选择题。

A．Corruption parallels modern development. B．Modem history will move to a fair state and virtue will follow. C．How to qualify virtue within the context of social decline and bourgeois culture. D．Contradictions of virtue and ethos will fade in time. 此题为多项选择题。

A．T B．F

A．One can see what’s happening outside with your friends anywhere B．Social media can make one jealous C．Social media can be abused, like bullied online by social media D．Social media might cause people to have self-consciousness because of bad comments or mean comments on social medias

A、The purchasing department B、The store C、The supplier

A．The Temple of South China Sea GoD B．The arcaded building. C．The Foshan Ancestral temple D．Guangzhou Zhenhai tower. 此题为多项选择题。

A．underestimated B．overestimated C．estimated D．misestimated