Children have a natural ( ) the world around them.

A . slightly less than atmospheric pressure B . approximately equal to exhaust manifold pressure at all times C . that is widely fluctuating constantly D . decreasing as engine load increase

A . none B . either C . neither D . both

A . that deprive　 B . that it deprives C . that deprives　 D . when it deprive

In the ancient world, as today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with some other. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all part of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan, and even among the Arctic peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles. (4) A．Because boys and girls are being prepared for different social roles. B．Because boys are more courageous. C．Because toy makers want to diversify their products. D．Because parents have different expectations for boys and girls.

Children have been said to have brain-injured child syndrome, hyperactive (极度活跃的) child syndrome and attention-deficit disorder (ADD). As early as the 1940's, psychiatrists have【62】children with hyperactivity and extremely distracted and impulsive. These frequent name changes show how【63】researchers are about the causes of the problem and the diagnostic (诊断的)【64】for the disorders. In the past several years, the people who study attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have【65】to clarify the disorder's causes and【66】, and have reasons to believe that it may be【67】. Today's view on this disorder is very different from the beliefs of just a few years ago. Researchers are finding that ADHD is not a disorder of just attention, but is from a developmental【68】in the brain's circuitry and self-control. The loss of self-control【69】other important brain functions compulsory for【70】attention. ADHD【71】two sets of symptoms: inattention and a【72】of hyperactive and impulsive behaviors. Most children are more active and【73】than adults are. Children are more inconsistent,【74】by brief actions. The younger the child, the【75】aware they are. This behavior. is a【76】of a problem when it is displayed more in them than in their【77】. Boys are at least three times more【78】than girls to have ADHD. Studies have found that ADHD in boys outnumbers girls 9 to 1; this is because boys are genetically likely to develop disorders in the nervous system. These behaviors【79】occur between the ages of 3 and 5.【80】, some children don't start to develop the disorder until late childhood or early adolescence. Researchers are unable to find the reasons for this【81】. (63) A．formulated B．labeled C．patented D．licensed

Nowadays when people grow old, we often send them to nursing homes. When they get sick, we transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients--even when those patients are their parents. This deprives(剥夺)the dying patient of significant family members during the last few days of his life and it deprives the children of an experience of death, which is an important learning experience. Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed approximately 500 terminally ill patients in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome. It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients' communications in order to truly understand their needs, fears, and fantasies(幻想). Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition, and to be told when the end was near. We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to cope with the approach of death and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance prior to death. Five hundred critically ill patients were investigated with the main purpose of ______. A．learning how to best help them and their families B．observing how they reacted to the crisis of death C．helping them and their families overcome the fear of death D．finding out their attitude towards the approach of death

是 否

A．The number of marriages entered into by women twentyfive to thirty-five years old has decreased since 1940. B．When there is a divorce, children are often given the option of deciding which parent they will live with. C．Since 1940 the average number of children in a family has remained approximately steady and has not been subject to wide fluctuations. D．Before 1940 relatively few children whose parents had both died were adopted into single-parent families. E．The proportion of children who must be raised by one parent because the other has died has decreased since 1940 as a result of medical advances.

Fairy tales were not always intended for children.We know this because some of these stories have existed for hundreds of years and were passed down from generation to generation through songs and drama.They were considered entertainment for everyone, not only for young people.In these ancient stories, the heroes were extremely clever, fiercely independent, and never gave up.Over the years, some of the heroes’ qualities and story lines have been changed to fit the times. Psychologists think that fairy tales have a positive influence on children because they present the two sides of good and evil very clearly.When children hear the stories, they develop sympathetic feelings for the heroic characters.In each tale, they can see that there are many different kinds of people in the world and that we all have a choice about what kind of person we want to be.We can choose to do good actions, rather that bad ones, in our lives. What kind of values can children learn from fairy tales？ In “The Princess and the Pea,” a poorly dressed girl who insists she is a princess is given a difficult test by the Queen.When she passes the test, we learn that she is rewarded because she stayed true to herself.In “The Little Mermaid,” the mermaid(美人鱼)who lives under the sea longs to be with the humans on land.Through her experiences, we learn about the importance of living with and accepting other cultures.In “Pinocchio,” a wooden puppet(木偶)turns into a boy when he finally learns how to tell the truth. Teaching values is the reason most often given for teaching literature and encouraging reading.These old stories can indeed teach us lessons about human relationships that are universal(普遍的) enough to survive throughout the centuries.This might be the reason why they have been around for so long and are unlikely to disappear any time soon. 1.What do we learn about fairy tales from the passage？ _______ A.They are written solely for children B.They teach universal lessons about human relationships C.They are all passed down through songs and drama D.They are adapted to TV and movies as entertainment 2.Why do fairy tales have a positive influence on children？ A.Good and evil are presented in way they can easily understand B.The characters are all good examples for them to follow C.The heroes go through all kinds of hardships but never give up D.There are many different kinds of characters for them to imitate 3.Some of the heroes’ qualities in fairy tales have been changed over the years ________. A.to reflect the change of values B.to suit the tastes of different people C.to arouse the interest of little children D.to adapt to the change of the times 4.Children who have heard about the story of the little mermaid might ________. A.learn to be better self-disciplined B.be more likely to tell the truth than to tell lies C.learn to stay true to themselves all their lives D.be better able to accept foreign cultures 5.Parents encourage children to read fairy tales so that they ________. A.can entertain themselves without bothering others B.can get to know great literature of the world C.can stay away from violence shown on TV D.can learn how to behave in society

A、replace of B、instead of C、without regard to D、inform. of