choice answer

A . All entries in the topology database will be included on each router. B . All routers in the same OSPF area will have one topology database. C . The Dijkstra algorithm is used in the creation of the topology database. D . LSA packets are used to update and maintain the topology database.

A . Connected subnet numbers B . Register administrative subnet masks C . IP address mask D . Autonomous system number E . Metric weight

A . The source device will only retransmit lost packets on the request of the destination device. B . The source device starts a timer when it sends a segment and retransmits if an acknowledgment is not received before the timer expires. C . The destination device acknowledges receipt of a segment by sending a packet with a new sequence number and the ACK bit sent. D . The destination device acknowledges receipt of a segment by sending a packet that indicates the next sequence number it expects. E . If the destination device does not receive a segment, all segments are retransmitted. F . The source device keeps a record of all segments sent and expects and acknowledgment of each.

A . It is a globally unique IP address. B . It is a globally unique 48 bit address C . It is provided by the manufacturer of the NIC. D . It is used as part of the IPX/SPX configuration. E . It is a logical address.

A . You can delete individual statements in a named access list B . Named access lists require a numbered range from 1000 to 1099. C . Named access lists must be specified as standard or extended. D . You can use the ip access-list command to create named access lists. E . You cannot delete individual statements in a named access list. F . You can use the ip name-group command to apply named access lists.

(66) is a protocol that a host uses to inform. a router when it joins or leaves an Internet multicast group． (67) is an error detection code that most data communication networks use． (68) is an interior gateway protocol that uses a distance vector algorithm to propagate routing information． (69) is a transfer mode in which all types of information are organized into fixed form. cells on an asynchronous or non -periodic basis over a range of media. (70) is an identifier of a web page. A．SMTP B．ICMP C．RARP D．IGMP

Microwave communication uses high-frequency(71)waves that travel in straightlines through the air. Because the waves cannot(72)with the curvature of the earth, they can be(73)only over short distance. Thus, microwave is a good(74)for sending data between buildings in a city or on a large college campus. For longer distances, the waves must be relayed by means of "dishes" or(75). These can be installed on towers, highbuildings, and mountain tops. A．optical B．radio C．electrical D．magnetic

(66) is a six bytes OSI layer 2 address which is burned into every networking device that provides its unique identity for point to point communication. (67) is a professional organization of individuals in multiple professions which focuses on effort on lower-layer protocols. (68) functions with two layers of protocols. It Can connect networks of different speeds and can be adapted to an environment as it expands. (69) is the popular LAN developed under the direction of the IEEE 802.5. (70) is the popular backbone technology for transmitting information at high speed with a high level of fault tolerance which is developed under the direction of ANSI. A．The MAC address B．The IP address C．The subnet address D．The virtual address

In fact, there was hardly any activity or social event that could not be set to Music. Weddings, births, christening, funerals, picnics, parades-- 21 had their musical accompaniment. After the American Civil War (1860-1865), the Negroes had gained their freedom and were ready 22 a new type of music, 23 that would preserve their musical traditions but be fast and happy 24 their 25 freedom. They wanted something they could play as professional musicians for both black and white audiences. Jazz was the answer. It combined themes from Negro work songs, spirituals and blues, set to a fast beat, 26 the musicians improvising (即兴而作) as they went along, like the funeral marching bands. To be good, a musician had not only to remember his part but also 27 able to invent new variations on the spur (激励) of the moment. Jazz 28 the people, but popular 29 is changed many times in form, style, and tempo. Each change added something 30 . 21. A. which B. that C. all D. those

A. I prefer the leather one B. What do you like C. It looks warmer D. clerk E. It sounds nice F. price tag G. to try it on H. Which one do you like better Anne: Look! These jackets are nice.【56】？ Sue: I like the wool one better. Anne: Really'？ Why？ Sue:【57】. Anne: Well,【58】. It's more attractive than the wool one~ Sue: Hmm. There's no【59】. Arum: Excuse me. How much is this jacket？ Clerk: It's $499. Would you like【60】？ Anne: Oh, no. That's OK! But thank you anyway. Clerk: You're welcome. (57)

A: Jim, you said you would not stay out late after school, didn&39;t you？ B: Yes, mom, I did A: But it&39;s 10 o&39;clock now.【61】 B: Sorry. I&39;ve been to the hospital. A: What？【62】 B: No. I sent Jack to the hospital. A: Oh, really？【63】 B: He had a terrible headache on the way home. A: Is he better now？ B:【64】 A: Good for you, my dear! I&39;m very glad you can help others. B:【65】 61. A. What should I do？ B. Thank you, mom. C. Where have you been？ D. Yes, he is. E. What was wrong with him？ F. Were you sick？G. Where is the hospital？ H. I&39;m sorry to hear that. 62. A. What should I do？B. Thank you, mom.C. Where have you been？D. Yes, he is.E. What was wrong with him？F. Were you sick？G. Where is the hospital？H. I&39;m sorry to hear that. 63. A. What should I do？B. Thank you, mom.C. Where have you been？D. Yes, he is.E. What was wrong with him？F. Were you sick？G. Where is the hospital？H. I&39;m sorry to hear that. 64. A. What should I do？B. Thank you, mom.C. Where have you been？D. Yes, he is.E. What was wrong with him？F. Were you sick？G. Where is the hospital？H. I&39;m sorry to hear that. 65. A. What should I do？B. Thank you, mom.C. Where have you been？D. Yes, he is.E. What was wrong with him？F. Were you sick？G. Where is the hospital？H. I&39;m sorry to hear that. 请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

A．Permian B．Cenozoic C．Cretaceous D．Mesozoic

Scientists say that something very serious is happening to the earth. It will begin to get __56__ in the following years. There will be major changes in ___57__ in the new century. Coastal waters will have a __58__ temperature. This will have a __59__ effect on agriculture. In northern areas, the __60__ season will be ten days longer by the year 2010. However, in warmer areas, it will be too dry. The __61__ of water could __62__ by eighty percent. This would __63__ a large decrease in agriculture production. World temperature could __64__ two degrees centigrade by the year 2040. However, the increase could be three times as great in the Artic and Antarctic area. This could cause the __65__ sheets to melt and raise the __66__ of the oceans __67__ one to two meters. Many coastal cities would be __68__ water. Why is this happening？ There is too __69__ carbon dioxide in the air. __70__ oil, gas and coal burn, they create large amounts of carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide lets __71__ enter the earth’s atmosphere and __72__ the earth. However, it doesn’t let as much heat __73__ the atmosphere and enter space. It’s like a blanket. The heat __74__ the sun can pass through the blanket to warm the earth. The heat __75__ there and can’t escape through the blanket again. Scientists call this the green-house effect. 56. A warmer B colder C better D worse

A．Sacred customs B．An attractive leader C．A social cause D．Legal elections

Helicopter Moms vs. Free-Range KidsWould you let your fourth-grader ride public transportation without an adult？ Probably not. Still, when Lenore Skenazy, a columnist for the New York Sun, wrote about letting her son take the subway alone to get back to "Long story short:my son got home from a department store on the Upper East Side, she didn’t expect to get hit with a wave of criticism from readers. “Long story short: My son got home, overjoyed with independence,” Skenazy wrote on April 4 in the New York Sun. “Long story longer: Half the people I’ve told this episode to now want to turn on in for child abuse. As if keeping kids under lock and key and cell phone and careful watch is the right way to rear kids. It’s not. It’s debilitating (使虚弱)—for us and for them.” Online message boards were soon full of people both applauding and condemning Skenazy’s decision to let her son go it alone. She wound up defending herself on CNN (accompanied by her son) and on popular blogs like the buffington post, where her follow-up piece was ironically headlined “More From America’s Worst Mom.” The episode has ignited another one of those debates that divides parents into vocal opposing camps. Are Modern parents needlessly overprotective, or is the world a more complicated and dangerous place than it was when previous generations were allowed to wander about unsupervised？ From the “she’s an irresponsible mother” camp came: “Shame on you for being so careless about his safety,” in Comments on the buffongton post. And there was this from a mother of four: “How would you have felt if he didn’t come home？” But Skenazy got a lot of support, too, with women and men writing in with stories about how they were allowed to take trips all by them selves at seven or eight. She also got heaps of praise for bucking the “helicopter parent” trend: “Good for this Mom,” one commenter wrote on the buffongton post. “This is a much-needed reality check.” Last week, encouraged by all the attention, Skenazy started her own blog—Free Range, kids—promoting the idea that modern children need some of the same independence that her generation had. In the good old days nine-year-old baby boomers rode their bikes to school, walked to the store, took buses—and even subways—all by themselves. Her blog, she says, is dedicated to sensible parenting. “At Free Range Kids, we believe in safe kids. We believe in car seats and safety belts. We do NOT believe that every time school-age children go outside, they need a security guard.” So why are some parents so nervous about letting their children out of their sight？ Are cities and towns less safe and kids more vulnerable to crimes like child kidnap and sexual abuse than they were in previous generations？ Not exactly. New York City, for instance, is safer than it’s ever been; it’s ranked 36th in crime among all American cities. Nationwide, stringer kidnaps are extremely rare; there’s a one-in-a-million chance a child will be taken by a stranger, according to the Justice Department. And 90 percent of sexual abuse cases are committed by someone the child knows. Mortality rates from all causes, including disease and accidents, for American children are lower now than they were 25 years’ ago. According to Child Trends, a nonprofit research group, between 1980 and 2003 death rates dropped by 44 percent for children aged 5 to 14 and 32 percent for teens aged 15 to 19. Then there’s the whole question of whether modern parents are more watchful and nervous about safety than previous generations. Yes, some are. Part of the problem is that with wall to wall Internet and cable news, every missing child case gets so much airtime that it’s not surprising even normal parental anxiety can be amplified. And many middle-class parents have gotten used to managing their children’s time and shuttling them to various enriching activities, so the idea of letting them out on their own can seem like a risk. Back in 1972, when many of today’s parents were kids, 87 percent of children who lived within a mile of school walked or biked every day. But today, the Centers for Disease Control report that only 13 percent of children bike, walk or otherwise t themselves to school. The extra supervision is both a city and a suburb phenomenon. Parents are worried about crime, and they are worried about kids getting caught in traffic in a city that’s not used to pedestrians. On the other hand, there are still plenty of kids whose parents give them a lot of independence, by choice or by necessity. The After School Alliance finds that more than 14 million kids aged 5 to 17 are responsible for taking care of themselves after school. Only 6.5 million kids participate in organized programs. “Many children who have working parents have to take the subway or bus to get to school. Many do this by themselves because they have no other way to get to the schools,” says Dr. Richard Gallagher, director of the Parenting Institute at the New York University Child Study Center. For those parents who wonder how and when they should start allowing their kids more freedom, there’s no clear-cut answer. Child experts discourage a one-size-fits-all approach to parenting. What’s right for Skenazy’s nine-year-old could be inappropriate for another one. It all depends on developmental issue, maturity, and the psychological and emotional makeup of that child. Several factors must be taken into account, says Gallagher. “The ability to follow parent guidelines, the child’s level of comfort in handling such situations, and a child’s general judgment should be weighed.” Gallagher agrees with Skenazy that many nine-year-olds are ready for independence like taking public transportation alone. “At certain times of the day, on certain routes, the subways are generally safe for these children, especially if they have grown up in the city and have been taught how to be safe, how to obtain help if they are concerned for their safety, and how to avoid unsafe situations by being watchful and on their toes.” But even with more traffic and fewer sidewalks, modern parents do have one advantage their parents didn’t: the cell phone. Being able to check in with a child anytime goes a long way toward relieving parental anxiety and may help parents loosen their control a little sooner. Skenazy got a lot of criticism because she didn’t give her kid her cell phone because she thought he’d lose it and wanted him to learn to go it alone without depending on mom—a major principle of free-range parenting. But most parents are more than happy to use cell phones to keep track of their kids. And for those who like the idea of free-range kids but still struggle with their inner helicopter parent, there may be a middle way. A new generation of GPS cell phones with tracking software make it easier than ever to follow a child’s every movement via the Internet—without seeming to interfere or hover. Of course, when they go to college, they might start objecting to being monitored as they’re on parole (假释). 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. When Lenore Skenazy’s son was allowed to take the subway alone, he ________. A．was afraid that he might get lost B．enjoyed having the independence C．was only too pleased to take the risk D．thought he was an exceptional child

Bosses Say “Yes” to Home Work Rising costs of office space, time lost to stressful commuting, and a slow recognition that workers have lives beyond the office—all are strong arguments for letting staff work from home. For the small business, there are additional benefits too—staff are more productive, and happier, enabling firms to keep their headcounts (员工数) and their recruitment costs to a minimum. It can also provide competitive advantage, especially when small businesses want to attract new staff but don’t have the budget to offer huge salaries. While company managers have known about the benefits for a long time, many have done little about it, sceptical of whether they could trust their employees to work to full capacity without supervision, or concerned about the additional expenses teleworking policies might incur as staff start charging their home phone bills to the business. Yet this is now changing. When communications provider Inter-Tel researched the use of remote working solutions among small-and-medium-sized UK businesses in April this year, it found that 28% more companies claimed to have introduced flexible working practices than a year ago. The UK network of Business Links confirms that it too has seen a growing interest in remote working solutions from small businesses seeking its advice, and claims that as many as 60-70% of the businesses that come through its doors now offer some form. of remote working support to their workforces. Technology advances, including the widespread availability of broadband, are making the introduction of remote working a piece of cake. “If systems are set up properly, staff can have access to all the resources they have in the office wherever they have an internet connection,” says Andy Poulton, e-business advisor at Business Link for Berkshire and Wiltshire. “There are some very exciting developments which have enabled this.” One is the availability of broadband everywhere, which now covers almost all of the country (BT claims that, by July, 99.8% of its exchanges will be broadband enabled, with alternative plans in place for even the most remote exchanges). “This is the enabler,” Poulton says. Yet while broadband has come down in price too, those service providers targeting the business market warn against consumer services masquerading (伪装) as business-friendly broadband. “Broadband is available for as little as ￡15 a month, but many businesses fail to appreciate the hidden costs of such a service,” says Neil Stephenson, sales and marketing director at Onyx Internet, an internet service provider based in the north-east of England. “Providers offering broadband for rock-bottom prices are notorious for poor service, with regular breakdowns and heavily congested (拥堵的) networks. It is always advisable for businesses to look beyond the price tag and look for a business-only provider that can offer more reliability, with good support.” Such services don’t cost too much—quality services can be found for upwards of ￡30 a month. The benefits of broadband to the occasional home worker are that they can access email in real time, and take full advantage of services such as internet-based backup or even internet-based phone services. Internet-based telecoms, or VoIP (Voice over IP) to give it its technical title, is an interesting tool to any business supporting remote working. Not necessarily because of the promise of free or reduced price phone calls (which experts point out is misleading for the average business), but because of the sophisticated voice services that can be exploited by the remote worker—facilities such as voicemail and call forwarding, which provide a continuity of the company image for customers and business partners. By law, companies must “consider seriously” requests to work flexibly made by a parent with a child under the age of six, or a disabled child under 18. It was the need to accommodate employees with young children that motivated accountancy firm Wright Vigar to begin promoting teleworking recently. The company, which needed to upgrade its IT infrastructure (基础设施) to provide connectivity with a new, second office, decided to introduce support for remote working at the same time. Marketing director Jack O’Hern explains that the company has a relatively young workforce, many of whom are parents: “One of the triggers was when one of our tax managers returned from maternity leave. She was intending to work part time, but could only manage one day a week in the office due to childcare. By offering her the ability to work from home, we have doubled her capacity—now she works a day a week from home, and a day in the office. This is great for her, and for us as we retain someone highly qualified.” For Wright Vigar, which has now equipped all of its fee-earners to be able to work at maximum productivity when away from the offices (whether that’s from home, or while on the road), this strategy is not just about saving on commute time or cutting them loose from the office, but enabling them to work more flexible hours that fit around their home life. O’Hern says: “Although most of our work is client-based and must fit around this, we can’t see any reason why a parent can’t be on hand to deal with something important at home, if they have the ability to complete a project later in the day.” Supporting this new way of working came with a price, though. Although the firm was updating its systems anyway, the company spent 10-15% more per user to equip them with a laptop rather than a PC, and about the same to upgrade to a server that would enable remote staff to connect to the company networks and access all their usual resources. Although Wright Vigar hasn’t yet quantified the business benefits, it claims that, in addition to being able to retain key staff with young families, it is able to save fee-earners a substantial amount of “dead” time in their working days. That staff can do this without needing a fixed telephone line provides even more efficiency savings. “With Wi-Fi (fast, wireless internet connections) popping up all over the place, even on trains, our fee-earners can be productive as they travel, and between meetings, instead of having to kill time at the shops,” he adds. The company will also be able to avoid the expense of having to relocate staff to temporary offices for several weeks when it begins disruptive office renovations soon. Financial recruitment specialist Lynne Hargreaves knows exactly how much her firm has saved by adopting a teleworking strategy, which has involved handing her company’s data management over to a remote hosting company, Datanet, so it can be accessible by all the company’s consultants over broadband internet connections. It has enabled the company to dispense with its business premises altogether, following the realisation that it just didn’t need them any more. “The main motivation behind adopting home working was to increase my own productivity, as a single mum to an 11-year-old,” says Hargreaves. “But I soon realised that, as most of our business is done on the phone, email and at off-site meetings, we didn’t need our offices at all. We’re now saving ￡16,000 a year on rent, plus the cost of utilities, not to mention what would have been spent on commuting.” 1. What is the main topic of this passage？ A) How business managers view hi-tech. B) Relations between employers and employees. C) How to cut down the costs of small businesses. D) Benefits of the practice of teleworking.

16. It is necessary that an efficient worker ______ his work on time. A. accomplishes B. can accomplish C. accomplish D. has accomplished

A．Considered B．Condering C．To consider D．Having considered

（）is a six bytes OSI layer 2 address which is burned into every networking device that provides its A、 The hub B、 The bridge C、 The router D、 The proxy