进化（evolution）

A . 生物不断完善和进步的过程 B . 生物拥有的一种自我完善的愿望 C . 生物世代之间发生的可以遗传的变化 D . 生物从简单到复杂、从低等到高等的发展过程

A . 正确 B . 错误

此题为多项选择题。

A．withdrawn B．vanished C．found D．hung

This story is probably apocryphal, but it illustrates well the attitudes of the time. (47) Many people accept Darwin's view of how we came into being that our bodies evolved through the process of natural selection acting on our genes. However, Darwin believed evolution was responsible for far more than just our physical characteristics. He saw it as the major influence in shaping our psychology. In- deed, he predicted that "in the distant future, psychology will be based on a new foundation". (48) To proponents of concepts like free will and personal responsibility, such an idea seems absurd. (49) Their research has revealed increasing evidence that the human mind is made up of innate mechanisms, which control everything from the way we perceive time and space, to how we learn survival techniques and choose mates. (50) Steven Pinker, Professor of Cognitive Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, likens language ability to computer software, "children learn a new word every 90 minutes of their waking life for years, then they have to figure out how to string them together using a kind of mental computer program. The essence of human language is the ability to convey new ideas by putting words together in different combinations. Since we all have this language 'software' in our minds, we can figure out what others are saying by the meanings of the words and the order in which they are arranged." A. Today, we are more comfortable with out past. B. "And, if it is true, let us hope it does not become public knowledge." C. But a growing number of scientists are questioning the extent to which our behavior. is controlled by our culture. D. Many people are calling for controls on cloning immedicte1y before the practice is abused. E. The foundation was, of course, his theory of evolution. F. Nowhere is this more obvious than our innate ability to learn languages. (46)

A．illustrate the similarities of human society to the natural world B．provide a contrastive example to the development of human society C．explain how Nature ruthlessly gets rid of the weaker species D．how plants evolve to maintain their quality of life

the mind as the instrument. The commonest way that has been used to find out the relative intellectual level of creatures at different stage of evolutionary complexity has 【M2】______ been to study the way they behave when giving different kinds of puzzles. For example, 【M3】______ an ant possesses a complex routine of behaviour, but can it think？ The answer is what 【M4】______ if an ant is forced to go through a maze of passages, many of which are dead ends, on its way to its nestle, it starts by making a lot of mistakes and taking a great many 【M5】______ wrong turnings. In the end, however, after it has to worry its way through often 【M6】______ enough, it does learn to get to its nest without going into any of the blind alleys. As one moves up the evolutionary scale the test of mind-power exemplified by solving 【M7】______ the problem of getting through a maze becomes very simple. Among mammals, 【M8】______ for example, the maze is an inadequate test. The learning problem does not tax enough attributes of the mind. In this sort of learning, as a matter of fact, rats can hit university undergraduates and have, in fact, repeatedly done so. The next, more subtle test of 【M9】______ mental ability is to see what level an animal can think about something when 【M10】______ it is not there. 【M1】

A.has seldom been accompanied by climatic changes B.has exerted little influence on climatic changes C.has largely been effected by climatic changes D.has had a major impact on climatic changes

A．91℃-96℃ B．90℃-96℃ C．181℉-185℉ D．180℉-185℉

A．A.define B．B.produce C．C.construct D．D.instruct

A．had arisen long before the publication of Origin B．was less influential than generally supposed C．was shared by some of Darwin"s contemporaries D．originated from geological evidences and fossil records