食用菌（edible fungi）

Special extraneous risks mean risks caused by theft, rain, leakage, shortage, breakage, dampness, mildewing (a plant disease caused by fungi), heating, taint of odor, hooking, and rusting.

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根据食用菌生活方式的不同，食用菌的类型有（）

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食用菌菌核组织分离法是从食用菌菌核分离培养获得纯菌丝的一种方法，以下哪些食用菌宜采用菌核组织分离法。（）

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按食用菌的生活方式不同，可将其分为（）、（）、（），三种类型，大部分食用菌属于（）。

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What is edible in one culture may be considered _____ in another culture and this may cause culture shock.

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edible seaweed

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Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about it is: a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets.

For some fifty million years, despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tubefeet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present. Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddish-brown to sand-color and white. One form. even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumber-shaped hence their name and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with flexibility, enables them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents. Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to become motionless and live at a low metabolic rate — feeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so that the marine organisms that provide their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence. But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs. When attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself when it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted. The passage mainly discusses A．the reason for the sea cucumber's name. B．what makes the sea cucumber unusual. C．how to identify the sea cucumber. D．places where the sea cucumber can be.

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照栽培食用菌所需培养料碳源的不同，可将食用菌分为（）型和（）型两类。

A．草腐 B．寄生 C．木腐 D．自养

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食用菌藻地衣蕨类大体可分为四大类，即食用菌类、食用藻类、食用地衣类和食用蕨类（）

是否

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38、水分对食用菌生长非常重要，为此栽培食用菌时空间湿度越高，食用菌产量越高。

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Fungi can be differentiated from most bacteria by culturing at（）

A．marine B．low pH C．neutral pH

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