★ Text A 

Vocabulary

I.

1. 1) Strictly speaking  2) drifted  3) resembles  4) invaded  5) is conquered  6) fascinating  7) snack  8) put…into practice  9) source  10) climate  11) surrendered 12) were aroused

2. 1) an absolute necessity rather than a luxury  2) is a valuable addition to the football team.

  3) will get out of control, if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutes.

  4) alternative but to g via Vancouver to get to Seattle

  5) declared all beef imports will be banned for the next six months as an emergency measure to stop the spread of mad cow disease.

3. 1) systematic, have invented, to a very real extent, mysteries

  2) to establish, to be modifies/ modifying       3) tolerance towards, strike out, enrich

II. 

1. a) wish  b) wish  c) want  d) want/wish     2. a) skin  b) hide/skin  c) hide  d) skin

  3. a) raise/rear  b) raise  c) rear/raise  d) raise  4. a) royal  b) kingly/royal  c) sovereign  d) royal/kingly

III. 

1. Indeed   2. though   3. Frankly   4. Moreover   5. To my knowledge  

6. however   7. nevertheless   8. Yet    9. instead   10) in other words

Comprehensive Exercise

I.

1. 1) fascinating   2) tolerance   3) invented   4) addition  5) ban   6) corrupt  

7) out of control   8) influenced   9) elite   10)came up with  11) establishing

12) Massive   13）sources   14）enrich

2. 1) early       2) similar    3) source    4) observation    5) examine  

6) features   7) declared   8) stronger   9) accident       10) sprung

II. Translation

1. 1) Many small businesses have sprung up in the city since the new policy went into effect.

 2) On hearing the news, she smiled briefly, and then returned to her habitual frown.

 3) He paused for effect, then said:“We can reach/enter these markets through new channels.”

 4) The addition of a concert hall to the school will help it nourish young musical talents.

 5) We have no way to protect our personal liberties until we have established a sovereign state,/We can’t protect our personal liberties unless we, first of all, establish a sovereign state.

2.      Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people， linguists believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English. In over fifteen centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing. As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language : American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.

★ Text B

Comprehension Check: 

c  c  c  d  b  d

Language Practice

1. g  e  d  c  b  h  f  a

2. 1) give way to   2) predict  3) substantial   4) integrate   5) in transition   6) aspect

7) to name a few   8) authority   9) dominate   10) had contributed to   11) unique

12) rid yourself of