Part I Listening Task

Script for the recording:

Globalization is the latest proof of the virtues of free trade first advocated in 1817 by the British economist David Ricardo. According to him, trade is always beneficial because it encourages nations to specialize in the products at which they are best and import those they are less good at. So if a developed country like the U.S. is much better at making computers than a developing country like China but only a little better at making sweat shirts, the U.S. should concentrate on making computers, and American colleges should source their logoed goods in Guangdong province. Both the U.S. and China would benefit.
However, Nobel prize winner Paul Samuelson, a professor emeritus at M.I.T., argues that if the poor country suddenly learns how to make more efficiently the goods in which the rich country specializes—say, if China becomes brilliant at making computers—then the rich country will no longer benefit from free trade. In fact, wages in the rich country will fall.
Globalization's defenders reply by saying, Relax: it will never happen. First, it is unrealistic to assume that China or India will suddenly excel in high-end, high-technology innovation. For the past few months, there have been reports of skilled-labor shortages in the most economically advanced areas of China. Second, free traders argue that even if China and India become advanced economies almost overnight, they will look just like Germany and Japan. And nobody argues that trade between rich economies doesn't benefit everyone.

After Listening
1. (the virtues of) free trade
2. make the products at which they are best and import those they are less good at
3. no longer benefit from it
4. high-end, high-technology goods.

Part II Reading Task

Comprehension

Possible answers to content questions:

1. Because he feels he is completely international.
2. What he means is that if one has a network of friends and enjoy what one is doing, one can function well anywhere in the world.
3. It refers to a member of the international business élite who treks each year to the Swiss Alpine town of Davos for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum.
4. The issues include everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology.
5. They all believe that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the world increasingly as one vast, interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.
6. He describes Davos Man as an emerging global superspecies and a threat.
7. Yes, global trade has been around for centuries. In the past, the corporations and countries that benefited from global trade were largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources or sell finished products.
8. It predicted that four economies — Russia, Brazil, India and China — will become a much larger force in the world economy than widely expected, based on projections of demographic and economic growth, with China potentially overtaking Germany this decade. By 2050, these four newcomers will likely have displaced all but the U.S. and Japan from the top six economies in the world.
9. It refers to low-paid migrant workers from Asia and elsewhere who are increasingly providing key services around the world.
10. Unlike Davos Man, Manila Woman is strongly patriotic.
11. Because he thinks that there are still too many barriers to cross-border business in Europe, let alone the world.
12. Davos Man needs to figure out how to strike a balance on a global scale between being international and being national at the same time.

Text Organization

1.
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One Paras 1-3 Introduction to Davos Man and the World Economic Forum
Part Two Paras 4-5 Debate over the impact of globalization on current society and culture
Part Three Paras 6-8 History of globalization and its recent trends and future prospects
Part Four Paras 9-11 Globalization versus nationalism and the challenges it faces

2.
1) Davos Man spends a lot of time in places other than his native country.
2) Davos Man sees their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth.
3) Davos Man believes that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable.
4) Davos Man sees the world increasingly as one vast, interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.

Language Sense Enhancement

1.
(1) identity (2) birth
(3) incidentally (4) annual
(5) networking (6) implications
(7) considerable (8) unimpeded
(9) interconnected (10) advantageous

Language Focus

I.

1.
1) advantageous 2) let alone
3) witnessing, vanishing 4) landmark
5) entitled 6) displace
7) Establishment 8) patriotic, strengthen
9) contradictions 10) aspires
11) divorced 12) pendulums

2.
1) come to 2) dozed off 3) believed in 4) was set apart
5) take in 6) sucks in 7) clean up 8) turn away

3.
1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus.
2) Toyota has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker.
3) Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife over money matters.
4) Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.
5) She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.

4.
1) China is increasingly popular with foreign companies that have decided to accelerate their own growth by increasing their investment in the Asian Pacific region.
2) To ensure a steady growth in our national economy, we must make an earnest effort to stimulate our domestic demand and strike a balance between saving and consumption.
3) It is beyond any doubt that green buildings designed now by only a handful of environment-conscious architects will be endorsed by more and more people and they will be put up on a large scale in the not too distant future.

II. Word Formation

Abbreviation Full Term Chinese Meaning
WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织
GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值
ATM automated teller machine 自动出纳机
VAT value-added tax 增值税
CAD computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计
IT information technology 信息技术
IDD international direct dialing 国际直拨电话
MTV music television 音乐电视
Radar radio detecting and ranging 雷达
IOC International Olympic Committee 国际奥委会
VIP very important person 贵宾, 大人物
Laser light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation 激光
CPU central processing unit 中央处理器

III. Usage

1) An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.
2) The reason (he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.
3) Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.
4) Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

1.
 1) academics 2) networking 3) a variety of 4) growth
 5) vanish 6) facilitate 7) endorsing 8) outlook
 9) sweeping aside 10) patriotic 11) erasing 12) strike a balance

2.
1) aided 2) effects
3) distances 4) connected
5) invested 6) features
7) prevailing 8) qualitatively
9) volume 10) Distinguishing

III. Translation

1.
1) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy, John has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere.
2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.
3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary cares more about her personal growth.
4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you?
5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.

2.
Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for a job. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The Internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.

Part III Home Reading Task

Comprehension Check

1. c 2. a
3. b 4. b
5. c 6. d

Translation

1. 如果9/11有什么引人注目的地方，那就是恐怖主义者们来自世界上全球化程度最低、最不开放、融合程度最低的地方：沙特阿拉伯、也门、阿富汗和巴基斯坦西北部。
2. “全球化疲劳在欧美仍很显著，而在中国和印度这样的地方，你会发现人们急切地想参与到经济扩张进程中来，” 印度国大党的首席经济顾问杰伦? 兰密施说。
3. 印度大多数人是不是还生活在贫穷的乡村？确实如此。我们是不是需要强迫富裕的西方国家进一步开放市场，好让贫穷国家销售它们最擅长的东西：食品和纺织品，以使全球化更公平呢？当然需要。
4. 一，全球化有优点也有缺点，但如果参与全球化的国家有恰当的制度和管理，它们就能从中获得最大的好处，并且能缓和最不利的方面造成的影响。

Language Practice

1.
1) d 2) f
3) e 4) a
5) b 6) g
7) h 8) c

2.
1) globalizing 2) software 3) stable
4) subsidies 5) A majority of 6) in evidence
7) add to 8) so be it 9) blew up
10) take advantage of 11) phase out 12) You bet

Part IV Comprehensive Language Practice

Model paper
 Is Globalization Welcome?
Is globalization welcome? Yes, it is. Indeed, there is much to be said for it.
To begin with, globalization provides us with a wide range of products. Nowadays you eat McDonald’s and drink Coca-cola; you use a Sony digital camera and wear Puma; you talk over a Nokia mobile phone and drive to work in a Buick.
Furthermore, globalization enables corporations to search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services. Take the car for example. A certain brand of car may be designed in Germany, a country known for its automobile industry. The cars are then manufactured in China where relevant raw materials and labor are comparatively inexpensive. Finally they are sold in some Asian and Latin American countries where they are in great demand. Evidently the way things are done can benefit greatly companies and countries concerned.
Lastly, globalization helps build a more harmonious world. With the world becoming much smaller and people much closer, there must be more and more social and cultural exchanges. As a result, deeper understanding between nations is promoted and consultation prevails over confrontation.
Does globalization cause problems, then? Yes, it does. However, so long as countries try to globalize in a cautious and judicious manner, many of them can be solved.
 (212 words)