听力原文：M: Turn your head a little bit leftward and look straight to this direction．Get relaxed and you look great posing like that．Shall I press the shutter？

W: Thank you very much for your trust, Peter. As your academic advisor I will try my best to help you. M: Thanks. It's about my major... W: Well, what's the matter？ M: I used to major in English, but now I have made up my mind to switch to Applied Linguistics, concentrating on Teaching English as a Foreign Language. W: So you want to switch majors？ M: Yes. But I wonder if it is possible. W: Well, usually we allow it, as long as you have enough credits. M: That's good news for me. I'm not interested in literature and that sort of thing. I want to be a real teacher, Professor. But I'm worried about the make-up credits. W: You usually do have to make up some credits when you switch majors. Are you OK on credits？ M: Not too many. I'll have to add about 12 credits as far as I can. figure from my transcript. Would you please let me know how many credits are required to get a master's degree？ W: Usually thirty-six credits are needed, ff you take five courses per term, you'll have enough credits after just two semesters. Usually each course is worth three credits. To get the six remaining credits you either prepare a thesis or take two more courses. M: Is there anything else besides the 36 credits for the master's？ W: You have to have an oral defense． M: I see．I really appreciate your help，Professor． W: Glad I can help．Good luck．Peter． (23) A．A literature professor. B．An academic advisor. C．Dean of the English Department. D．A Doctor of Applied Linguistics.

W: I’m really lucky you stopped and offered me a lift. I’ve been waiting for about two hours but no one seemed to be going my way. M: Are you a student？ W: Yes, I’m a biology student in London University. I’m going up to Edinburgh for the festival, but it’s so expensive on the train that I decided to try and hitch a lift. M: Well, you are lucky because I should have been going yesterday, but something happened to delay me so I postponed my trip until today. W: Is it all right if I put my bag on the back seat？ M: Yes, of course. W: It started to rain just as I left the house this morning and my clothes and shoes are wet through. Would you mind if I take off my shoes？ M: No, of course not. I don’t mind. Go ahead. W: Thanks. M: Oh, don’t forget to put your seat belt on! You can get fined nowadays, you know, for not wearing your seat belt. W: Yes, sorry, I forgot. Could I open this window？ M: Well, I’d rather you don’t if you don’t mind. It gets very draughty when you open that window. But you can open the back window. W: Is it all right if I go to sleep for a while？ M: Yes, of course. I’ll wake you up when we reach the next service station. I’ll need some coffee then. (23) A．Because she has a company for the drive. B．Because she can attend the festival. C．Because the man stopped and offered her a lift. D．Because the man provided a shelter from the rain.

W: You bet I am. Q: What does the woman say about the picnic？ (15) A．She doubts if she'll be able to go. B．She's eager to go. C．If the man goes, she will go too. D．She'll do her homework tomorrow.

W: I guess a lot of other people feel the way I do about modem art. What does the woman mean？ (19) A．She likes modem art. B．A lot of other people like modern art, too. C．A lot of people came to the opening. D．Modern art is not attractive to the woman.

W: Yes... Oh, but do we have to？ M: Well, I think it's interesting. And I think our listeners will find it interesting, too. I mean, you didn't become a big star overnight. You struggled for many years. W: You can say that again. M: Tell us a little about it. W: Oh, yes. I think I must have worked twenty or thirty different jobs. M: Really？ W: Sure! I couldn't find work as an actress for many years, so I had to do something. You have to eat, right？ M: What kind of jobs did you have？ W: A little bit of everything: I worked as a waitress, in a department store, painting houses... I think I got fired from most of those stores. M: Oh, yeah？ Come on, tell us a few stories. W: This is so embarrassing... Well, I remember I worked for a big department store in the hats department. It was so boring. We never had any customers during the day, and that's when I worked. When I got sleepy, I used to lie down under the hat racks and take an occasional nap. M: What happened？ W: Well, one day I got caught by my boss. And I got fired on the spot. Then there was the time I decided to paint house. It turned out that I was allergic to the paint. And my body was so sore after working the first day that I could hardly get out of the bed the next day. I couldn't take the physical work. I got fired again. M: Any other war stories？ W: Well... you are not going to believe this, but I actually drove a taxi for a few days. I got hired as a cab driver. M: No! You？ W: Yes. I was desperate and thought I could make good tips. I needed the money at the time. Unfortunately, it didn't lust. M: Fired？ W: Yes. How did you guess？ On my third day, I hit a pole. No one was hurt in the accident —my passenger was fine — but it scared me to death. That was the end of my career as a driver. M: Well, Stella, thank you for sharing those details with us. It's a good thing you made it as an actress! After the commercial break, we'll talk more with Stella about her new movie that's being released in September. (20) A．When she was working in a department store. B．When she was working for a painting house. C．When she was working in a taxi company. D．When she was working as an actress in Hollywood.

W: I'm not sure what else I could say. Besides I don't think they will reject it. Q: What does the woman mean？ (15) A．She believes they will accept it. B．She thinks they will decline it. C．She hopes they won't reject it. D．She is not sure what to do.

W: It’s all very well saying it wasn’t your fault, but thanks to you we lost 10 to 1. Q: What do we learn from the conversation？ (19) A．The woman blames the man for his absence. B．The woman think that everything was all right. C．The woman thanks the man for his efforts. D．The woman doesn't think it was the man's fault.

M: Well, it's a combination of things, but at the top of the list I think I'd put being truthful. Staff have certain expectations of how they should be treated and they want their managers to be fair. Not telling your staff what's happening is a sure way of losing their respect. You need to concentrate on solving problems, not hiding them. W: But not all problems can be solved, can they？ M: Most can, actually, but that's not the point. The thing is, instead of reacting after the dam-ages done, you should be talking to staff about how things are going and avoiding a situation where they come to see you about the problems after the event. The trick is to decide what problems might arise before they actually happen. W: What about having staff work together？ How should that be managed？ M: Well, some people appear to like working on their own, but in most companies, people who work on their own do so because they have been neglected. They have been given a task and their boss is not in-terested in how it is being done. This makes their sense of achievements smaller no matter how hard they work. People who work in teams have dearer overall picture of the work they are involved in. They have a role to play, and they know that if they don't perform. well, it is not only the business is going to suffer but also the other members of their team. So it is up to managers to create teams within their organization and encourage this team spirit. It raises performance. W: How is this best done？ M: Well, it's important to identify certain key employees among your staff and give them particular support and attention. If these key people are encouraged in their work, they would perform. better themselves, and more importantly raise the general level of performance of all the others in their area. W: Isn't it also a question of recruitment？ M: Yes, yes, lots of difficulties in staff management arise because mangers genuinely don't know how to select the right person. Sometimes interviewees are chosen on the basis of written personality tests which hear no relation with the work they'll be actually doing. Many managers admit that they sometimes ignore the lack of appropriate skills in recruiting the staff. I'd say that in the vast majority of cases they simply opt for the candidates who's made the best impression in half an hour or so... F: So, what should we have instead？ M: Well, the selection procedure should involve matching the skills and knowledge of the applicant to the actual job. And they should be done in the most immediate and relevant way possible, for example, if you try to recruit a trainer for your company, an important part of the inter-view should involve the applicant giving a pre-pared training session. Training is what they'll be doing, so you should see them in operation be-fore employing them. F: That sounds sensible. The final question, Brian, is about discipline, which is perhaps the hardest factor to get it right. What is the latest thinking？ B: Umm, well, the issues are: should you be a hard, unfriendly boss, make sure everyone obey your order without a question, or should you be more sympathetic and listen to your employees' difficulties？ Then there will be time when you have to discipline someone who has done some-thing wrong. It can be difficult if you are on very friendly terms with them. So a certain distance is necessary. On the either hand, if you are too un-approachable, you may not be made aware of important problems. M: Well, thank you, Brian. I'm sure plenty of managers out there will find out our talk very interesting. ？You will hear a radio interview with Brian Williams, a management expert. The interview deals with staf A．being able to concentrate. B．being honest. C．being respected.

W: How I managed to do it is still a mystery to me. Q: What does the woman mean？ (19) A．She's not sure how she was able to finish so early. B．She wasn't able to manage the project so early. C．She's not sure how to solve the mystery. D．She still hasn't heard what was shocking.

W: Let's put it this way: it is the first thing in the world I'd ever want to do. Q: What docs the woman mean？ (14) A．She doesn't like her trip to Arizona. B．She is looking forward to her trip to Arizona. C．She enjoyed her trip to Arizona greatly. D．She wants the man to go with her to Arizona.

W：Well. It's true he had difficulties. But all in all it couldn't have turned out better. Q：What can you learn about Mr. Roger's project？ (14) A．It was fairly successful. B．Financing was never a problem. C．It was too difficult to finish. D．It stopped for want of land.

W: After two sleepless nights, I'm finally through with it. Q: What do we learn from this conversation？ (15) A．Neither the man nor the woman has finished the assignment yet. B．The man thinks the paper is easy. C．The woman thinks the paper is easy. D．Both the man and the woman think the paper is hard.

W: Certainly, sir. They will find it on their desks tomorrow morning. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers？ A．Customer and salesperson. B．Teacher and student. C．Boss and secretary. D．Guest and waitress.

W: It's Alex who sent me flowers and I got chocolates from Jack. Q: From whom did the woman get the flowers？ (14) A．Jack. B．Alice. C．John. D．Alex.

W: I changed my mind. Living so close is a good change of pace from rushing around. Q: What does the man mean？ (19) A．He doesn't have time living on campus. B．He wants to change his home. C．He wanted more free time so he moved on campus. D．He prefers the more interesting life-style. on campus.

W: That's where we can help an exporter like your corporation. We often hear people say that exporting is easy, but to get paid is hard work. Q: What is the relationship between the speakers？ (15) A．Husband and wife. B．Teacher and student. C．Banker and his customer. D．Employer and employee.

W: It's simple. I don't mind being married to my career. Q: What's Annie's attitude towards her future？ (14) A．She will live a simple life. B．She will fully focus on her job. C．She will quit her job to get married. D．She will stay with someone unmarried.

W：How I managed to do it is still a mystery to me． Q：What does the woman mean？ (17) A．She's not sure how she had finished it so early. B．She wasn't able to manage the project well. C．She's not sure how to solve the mystery. D．She didn't think it was shocking.

W: Sure, go to Jane's. It has the latest styles and gives a 20% discount to husbands who shop alone. Q: What do we know about Jane's shop？ (13) A．It gives a 20% discount to all customers. B．It is run by Fiona's friend, C．It hires Fiona as an adviser. D．It encourages husbands to shop on their own.

M: I do have a lot of papers and magazines down on the basement. Volunteers used to come by these apartments regularly to collect waste paper. I still save it but people seldom ask for it nowadays and I' ve never gone over to the recycling center myself. W: That’s typical. A few years ago people were really enthusiastic about musing waste paper. Unfortunately, interest has been decreasing lately. Manufacturers now use waste paper for things, like paper bags, towels, napkins and boxes. But the demand is down. I think they need to find new commercial uses for recycled paper. M: I suppose things like greeting cards, calendars and writing paper could be made from it too. But recycled paper usually has a dingy color, doesn't it？ W: Well, it wouldn’t be suitable for art books or high-quality magazine paper. But who cares about the drab color if waste paper can take place of virgin wood pulp and so help to preserve forests. M: You are right. I'll bring my waste paper over to your apartment in a little while. Thanks for offering to take it. According to the speakers, what products are now made from recycled paper？ A．Paper towels, napkins, bags and boxes. B．Insulation for basements. C．Art books and other high-quality printed matter. D．Imitation wood.

W: Sometimes. You know the life of a social worker is not all wonderful and working to help people in their daily life. I have to spend a lot of time pushing paper, and writing reports too. But when I do get out, yeah, I see a lot of foreigners. And sometimes they come in because life in America has just beaten them down and they can't cope financially or emotionally. M: Really？ I would think that they had a good support network in place, especially university students. W: They do have a network, and a variety of support groups, but these can't meet all of the students' needs. They can't help with paying bills, dealing with American neighbors and customs, fitting in, getting a driver's license, etc. They try, but very often the student has to figure out a lot of this stuff by himself. And if he or she is shy, they don't have the courage to ask other people, even other people from their nationality. M: So what are some of the things that overseas students struggle with？ W: This might interest you, but they struggle with the food, especially Chinese. You know, they come here knowing that Americans love Chinese food so much. They think that there will be good restaurants with Chinese food that they love. But they get here and they are extremely surprised. Americans enjoy totally different flavors. M: So what do they do？ W: If they're brave and curious, they look around and test all the restaurants. There is usually at least one restaurant in every town that has almost quality food. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. In which aspect does the woman help people in her work？ 24. Why do people come to the woman for help？ 25. How did Chinese students expect the American-made Chinese food before they came to the U.S？ (20) A．Writing reports for them. B．Teaching them foreign languages. C．Helping them deal with daily existence. D．Introducing work for them.

M: I'm so sorry that I didn't realize I was bothering anyone else. I can promise that it won't happen again. Q: Why does the woman complain that the music is quite annoying？ (7) A．Because the man's taste in music is bad. B．Because the man plays the music at night. C．Because the man plays annoying music. D．Because the man plays the music at a high volume.

(20)

A．He does not earn as much money as his classmates． B．He does not work as well as his classmates． C．He does not get enough pay for his ’hard work． D．He does not have enough time for his study．