The energy released by the chemical reaction is ( ) heat.

A . 6 months B . 12 months C . 18 months D . 24 month

A . used to do mechanical work B . used to establish the magnetic field of the motor C . lost as heat generated by the windings D . lost in doing work to turn the motor itself

A . A.Governors B . B.Alternators C . C.Blackboards D . D.Switchboards

A . increasing the shaft RPM prior to release B . using a pelican hook for quick release C . using preventers D . using a short chain for the lead through the stern chock

A . activating the release lock of the hook B . pulling smartly on the knobbed cocking lanyard C . the effects of buoyancy removing the weight of the raft from the hook D . releasing the boarding flap and the bowsing line

A . constant B . pulse C . high D . none of the above

A . latent heat of condensation B . latent heat of vaporization C . latent heat of saturation D . sensible heat of condensatio

A . Buyers B . Sellers C . either the Buyers or the Sellers D . neither the Buyers no the Seller

A . radiation B . conduction C . convection D . condo-radiatio

The crisis has 【C2】______ questions about the large oil companies and windfall 【C3】______ . Critics of the oil industry charge that the major companies are getting richer because of the oil shortage. Shortage, of course, drives prices up. As oil prices rise, the critics say, the oil companies will make more money (windfall profits) without doing a thing to 【C4】______ the extra cash. "Windfall" profits are sudden unearned profits--profits made 【C5】______ luck, or some special turn of events. The word itself tells what "windfall" means--something blown down by the wind, such as trees, or fruit 【C6】______ from trees. But the word has taken on a special meaning. This meaning (getting something unearned) was first used in medieval England. This is 【C7】______ it started: at that time much of the land was in the hands of 【C8】______ barons. The rest of the people, commoners, lived and worked on their vast estates. They planted the seed, cared for the farm animals and harvested the crops. Not all the land, however, was used for farming. Every baron kept a large private forest for 【C9】______ deer and wild bear. When hungry, the people sometimes would kill the animals in the lord's forest for food. And there were times 【C10】______ they might cut down trees for fuel. So, strong laws were passed to protect the forests, and the animals. Violations were severely 【C11】______ . But there was one way people could get wood from the forest. If they found trees blown down by the wind ("windfall") they were free to take them for use as fuel in their homes. And that is the meaning that has come down to us--something good gotten by luck or 【C12】______ . The common people of old England, often hungry and cold, must often have prayed for a good strong wind. Critics today 【C13】______ that the oil industry has also been praying for something just like it --some political or military 【C14】______ that might produce a windfall--a rise in oil prices and profits. The oil companies deny that this is so. In Congress, critics of the oil companies have proposed a 【C15】______ on such profits. The debate on rising oil price will go on for some time, and most likely we will hear more and more about windfall profits. 【C1】______ A．threatened B．claimed C．explored D．narrowed

A．Y B．N C．NG

For the purposes of this problem assume that there was an instantaneous release of 10⁷curies of radioactive gases (and fine particles, which are assumed to remain in the atmosphere and not settle out). Then estimate the maximum ground level concentration of radioactive gases (curies/m³) when the radioactive cloud from the accident got to Sweden. Make the following assumptions: (1) Ignore decay of the radioactive gases (i.e., assume their half-lives were infinite). (2) Assume the distance between Chernobyl and Sweden is 1000 km. (3) Assume that the wind speed was 3 m/s and the stability class C. (4) Assume that the mixing height was 2000 m. (5) Assume that mlXmg in the x direction(up and down the direction of the wind) has the same intensity as miXing in the y(crosswind)direction.

The use of renewable energy is not new. Five generations (125 years) ago, wood supplied up to 90 percent of our energy needs. Due to the convenience and low prices of fossil fuels, wood use has fallen. Now, the biomass which would normally present a disposal problem is converted into electricity (e.g., manufacturing wastes, rice hulls, and black liquor from paper production). Historically, low fossil fuel prices, especially for natural gas, have made growth difficult for renewable fuels. The deregulation and restructuring of the electric power industry could have a major impact on renewable energy consumption. Demands for cheaper power in the short term would likely decrease demand for renewable energy, while preferences for renewables included in some versions of proposed electricity restructuring legislation would breathe new life into this industry. Use of renewables in the United States is not currently expected to approach that of the major fuels, and due to their limitatious (e.g., their intermittent nature-cloudy days have no solar gain, quiet days mean no wind blows to drive wind turbines, dams are primarily for flood control, so hydroelectricity production varies as dams' water levels change), renewables may never provide "the" answer to all energy problems. Around the world, renewable energy is proving to be of great value. In 2005, about 6.1 Quadrillion Btu (Quads) of U.S. energy came from renewable fuels. Each of the energy sources we use is measured, purchased, and sold in a different form. Many units of measurement are used to measure the energy we use each day. From 1996 to 2005, the trend of the consumption from renewable energy was ______. A．increasing B．decreasing C．irregular D．not mentioned

By this time, the World War II had ended in Europe. But the Japanese refused to surrender, the Americans decided that by dropping an atomic bomb on Japan, they could end the war quickly and save more of their soldier’s lives. Soon after midnight on 6 August 1945, a bomb was dropped on the city of Hiroshima, a civilian target. No warning was given and there was total devastation. Almost all the buildings were destroyed and more than 100000 people died or were horribly wounded. The Japanese military still did not want to surrender so three days later, the Americans dropped a second atomic bomb on the city of Nagasaki, killing 45000 people. The Japanese government was discussing ending the war when they heard the news of Nagasaki. Finally, they surrendered and the World War II came to an end. At first, the scientists who had built the bomb were pleased that it had helped to end the war. However, many would come to realize that they had helped to create the most terrible weapon known to man. The first atomic bomb ______. A．was less powerful B．was dropped in Nagasaki C．was a failure D．was tested in desert

That's because Shell hasn't been able to find nearly as much oil and gas as it's now pumping out of the ground. In fact, it hasn't even come close—replacing only 60% to 70% of what it produced in 2005 and only 19% in 2004. Shell has had reserve problems for years—a controversy over improperly booked assets forced it to reduce estimated reserves by roughly 30% and led to the resignation of its CEO, Phil Watts, in 2004. But what's troubling now is that Shell is falling way behind rivals like Exxon and BP despite spending billions more each year on exploring and drilling new wells. Last year Exxon replaced 112% of production; BP came up with 95%. "I have never seen anything like this," says Fadel Gheit, a veteran energy analyst with Oppenheimer & Co. "Shell used to represent the gold standard in this industry, but lately they can't get their act together." To be sure, Shell still has huge assets—nearly 12 billion barrels. But in the oil and gas industry, reserve replacement is the best guide to whether a company will be able to maintain-or grow-production in the future. So not replacing what you pump, says longtime industry observer Matthew Simmons, "is like eating your seed corn. If you're not finding new oil, you're just liquidating what you've got." Indeed, Shell's daily production figures have been weak lately, falling 6.7 % in 2005, to 3.52 million barrels a day. Privately, Shell execs say the company's decision to cut spending for exploration when oil prices bottomed out in the late 1990s is partly to blame for the anemic numbers now. Shell CEO Jeroen Vander Veer insists that projects like those on Sakhalin Island off Siberia and in Nigeria and the Gulf of Mexico will enable the company to start catching up with peers in the years ahead. It won't be easy. "If you're not adding to reserves, you have a problem," says Sanford Bernstein analyst Oswald Clint. "Shell will have to run twice as hard just to stay in place." According to the passage, the decline of Shell A．is a hidden process. B．is caused by the profit last year. C．is the estimation of Wall Street. D．is the fault of the CEO.

The first study was done at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. Researchers pumped extra carbon dioxide into a test area where pine trees were growing. The trees grew thirty-four percent faster during the first three years. However, in time, the trees slowed to about their normal growth rate. The scientists say this is because trees need other nutrients, such as nitrogen. In the second study, researchers from Duke and Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine examined the soil around trees. They discovered that as the leaves broke down into the soil, all the carbon was not trapped in the soil. Much of it was released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. The findings of the two studies were published last month in Nature magazine. They suggest there is limited value in planting trees to reduce the carbon dioxide pollution in the atmosphere. Forest planting has been a part of negotiations on a world agreement to reduce greenhouse gases that scientists believe cause global warming. The United States, Canada, Japan and some other industrial countries have supported the idea. But this new research suggests the idea is not as effective as environmental activists had thought. Scientist Ram Oren of Duke University led the study on tree growth. He says that earlier estimates on the ability of forests to absorb carbon dioxide were overly hopeful. Some scientists not involved in the studies say the research provides some of the first evidence on how trees react to carbon dioxide. Other scientists say the research disputes a belief among some coal and power companies. The companies say that rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will not create harmful global warming. Instead, they say it will increase forests and other plants. What is the purpose of this passage？ A．Introduce some new ideas about the relationship between trees and carbon dioxide. B．Introduce recent condition of global industrial pollution. C．Call on people to plant more trees to reduce greenhouse gases. D．Point out that power companies should be responsible for the rising levels of carbon dioxide.

A．6 months B．12 months C．18 months D．24 month

A．blast can cause shrapnel or other bits of metal to slice through flesh like a knife B．its energy can cause a swath of disfiguring burns C．this energy wall can prevent victims from physical injury and obvious bleeding D．its tremendous energy can inflict massive internal injuries