Fear is a biological process by which animals, including humans, secure the necessary energy to do a job that really matters.

A . anaerobic bacteria B . aerobic bacteria C . air bubbles D . disinfection chemical

A . if B . wherever C . so that D . wherea

In the study, participants watched a short video of a person conditioned to fear a so-called neutral stimulus-something people normally wouldn't fear--paired with something they find naturally aversive (令人讨厌的), in this case an electrical shock. The person in the video watched colored squares on a computer screen: When a blue square appeared, the person received a mild shock; when a yellow square appeared, there was no shock. The participant in the video responded with distress when the blue square appeared—he would blink hard, tense his cheek muscles and move his hand. "So it's clear that he's uncomfortable, he's in distress," said study team member Andreas Olsson of Columbia University. "And he's already in distress before he receives the shock, you see him anticipate receiving the shock." By contrast the participant in the video appeared relaxed when the yellow square popped up, Participants were told they would take part in a similar experiment, and when presented with the blue square, they responded with fear, anticipating a shock, though they were never actually shocked. "Just by watching, they learn themselves," Olsson explained. This second learning was reflected in the brain. In previous classical conditioning experiments where a fear is learned firsthand, a part of the brain called the amygdala (扁桃核) has been shown to be critical to the development and expression of fears. The scientists monitored the brain activity of each participant during the experiment. Imaging showed that the amygdala responded both when the subjects watched the video of someone else receiving shocks and when they were presented with the blue squares themselves. "We found that the amygdala is involved both when you're watching somebody receiving shocks, and when you're expecting to receive shocks later on yourself," Olsson said. So it seems that similar processes in the brain are triggered both when fears are experienced first-hand and when they are observed in others. In the real world, the finding could explain why some people are afraid of things despite little contact with them. "You learn by observing other people's emotional expressions, and what we are showing is that that can be as effective as having those direct experiences yourself," Olsson said. "That's probably one of the reasons why a lot people are having phobias (恐怖症) of certain kinds of stimuli, such as snakes and spiders." What's people's response to a neutral stimulus？ A．Normally they are not scared by it. B．Usually they are seriously scared by it. C．They feel ridiculous when seeing it. D．They often feel uncomfortable at it.

A．advanced B．relieved C．produced D．thrust

A、should lag B、could lag

But, there's another side. SARS is a reminder of how fragile (脆弱的)life can be. Suddenly, it's not just the old people who are thinking about death. Everyone now realizes there might not always be a tomorrow. Li Ping, a Senior 3 student in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, came into contact(接触)with a suspected(疑似)SARS patient in mid-April. He was told to stay at home for at least two weeks. "Watching TV about more and more SARS patients dying, ! never knew that death could be so close. Life is Valuable and I am going to treasure every single day." he said. SARS teaches people to be grateful, not only for their own lives, but also for others. Doctors and nurses, for example, have to spend all their time with infected(被感染的)patients. As a result, more than 20 percent of SARS cases in China are medical workers. Liu Yu, a Senior 2 student of Beijing No. 5 Middle School, wants to be a doctor when he grows up. "Although they certainly know of the dangers, doctors and nurses remain bravely dedicated(致力于)to saving people's lives. I was deeply moved by what they have done. I think they are real heroes." he said. SARS also teaches sympathy(同情). The past few weeks have been terrible for Chinese people. But there are far worse things than SARS in this world, such as war, earthquakes and murders. Think of the Iraqis, who have been living terrible lives for 20 years. Think of how the Americans felt on 9. 11. And finally, SARS offers the chance to grow. All different types of people and government officials are joining together to cope with this difficult time. When this passes, China and its people, will have learned great lessons. The story of Li Ping is given in this passage mainly to ______. A．tell us the hardship of life B．tell us the fragility of life C．tell the cruelty of SARS D．tell us the joy of life

是 否

A．（1） only B．（2） only C．（1） and （2） D．Neither （1） nor （2）

A．make sense B．make a compromise C．make a pact D．make an analogy between