As a person ages, more cross-links are formed, and this probably contributes to the stiffening and loss of elasticity that occurs in aging tissue.

A . Developing; getting B . Developing; to get C . To develop; getting D . To develop; to get

A . expert power B . reward power C . referent power D . A and B. E . A and C

是 否

A．ripe B．mature C．perfect D．far

A、prose B、stories C、poetry D、drama

However, it is very 【B3】 to ask children their age, and some adults may not mind 【B4】 either. In fact, some elderly people are quite happy to 【B5】 their age, especially if they feel they look young 【B6】 their age. Nevertheless, it is not very wise to ask a(n) 【B7】 question like "How old are you". If elderly people want to talk about their age, and perhaps receive a compliment on how young they look, they may easily 【B8】 the topic themselves, and ask the other person to 【B9】 how old they are. 【B10】 such a question, it is quite acceptable to discuss age 【B11】. They normally expect to be complimented on their youthfulness, though rather than 【B12】 that they look very old! 【B13】 Westerners do not usually ask people directly how old they are, this does not 【B14】 that they are not interested to know how old other people are. They may ask someone else 【B15】 the information, 【B16】 they may try to 【B17】 the topic indirectly. Sometimes discussions about educational 【B18】 and the number of years of working experience may provide some 【B19】, but this is not always the 【B20】. 【B1】 A．on B．for C．in D．of

In the 1700s, height and weight became an important part of beauty. During the time of the French Revolution, many women used to wear corsets, belts that made their waists appear much slimmer. In England in the 1500s, makeup became an important part of beauty. Some women used to paint their .face white. They thought this made them more attractive. Later, in North America, some women used to eat arsenic, a dangerous poison, to make their faces whiter. By the 1860s, American women started using makeup to make themselves more charming. In the 1890s, Americans discovered that bicycle tiding could actually improve their appearance! They exercised in order to look and feel better. The popularity of bicycle riding even led to a change in fashion. American women began to wear shorter skirts instead of the. traditional long, full ones. Although diet and exercise are still popular ways of improving one's appearance, there are some parts of the body that cannot change without the help of a cosmetic surgeon. In the past, American women used to spend weeks repeating words that started with the "P" because they wanted to change the shape of their mouths. Today a cosmetic surgeon can reshape the nose or lips in a few hours. Rhinoplasty, the reshaping of nose, can greatly improve a person's image. Surprisingly, cosmetic surgery has been used for centuries in China and India. Today it is used in many countries to improve the outlook of people who have been hurt in fires or in car accidents It is also used to improve the appearance of children who are born with physical problem. Questions: 15.What is the topic of the lecture？ 16.What did women in North America do to improve their appearance in 1890s？ 17.What do you think is the speaker's attitude towards rhinoplasty？ 18.Which statement is NOT true according to the lecture？ (35) A．Why people will take plastic surgery. B．How cosmetics develop in its long history. C．How the change of fashion led to the development of cosmetic surgery. D．How people from all over the world make themselves look better.

Telecities will supersede megacities for several reasons, including the drive toward clean air, reducing pollution, energy conservation, more jobs based on services, and coping with the high cost of urban property. Now we must add the need to cope with terrorist threats in a high-technology world. Western mind-sets were clearly jolted in the wake of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in New York City and attacks in Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and else where. But the risks posed by twentieth-century patterns of urbanization and architecture have ye to register fully with political figures and leaders of industry. The Pentagon, for example, has been rebuilt in situation rather than distributed to multiple locations and connected by secure landlines and broadband wireless systems. Likewise, the reconstruction of the World Trade Center complex still represents a massive concentration of humanity and infrastructure. This is a remarkably shortsighted and dangerous vision of the future. The security risks, economic expenses, and environmental hazards of over-centralization are everywhere, and they do not stop with skyscrapers and large governmental structures. There are risks also at seaports and airports, in food and water supplies, at nuclear power plants and hydroelectric turbines at major dams, in transportation systems, and in information and communications systems. This vulnerability applies not only to terrorist threats but also to human error, such as system-wide blackouts in North America in August 2003 and in Italy in September 2003, and natural disasters such as typhoons, hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes. Leaders and planners are only slowly becoming aware that overcentralized facilities are the most vulnerable to attack or catastrophic destruction. There is also growing awareness that new broadband electronic systems now allow governments and corporations to safeguard their key assets and people in new and innovative ways. So far, corporations have been quickest to adjust to these new realities, and some governments have begun to adjust as well. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？ A．The telecity is a TV manufacturing city. B．The telecity is a city of the speed and bandwidth of networks. C．Singapore is closer to New York than Arkadelphia, Arkansas is in telecity age. D．Singapore is actually closer to New York than Arkadelphia, Arkansas.

Many of the chronic diseases risk and the diseases themselves overlap. In developed countries, cancer is the second-biggest cause of death after cardiovascular disease (CVD), and epidemiological evidence points to this trend emerging in the less developed world. This is particularly true in countries of "transition" or middle income countries such as in South America and Asia. Already more than half of all cancer cases occur in developing countries. There are approximately 20 million people living with cancer at the moment; by 2020 there will an estimated 30 million. And the impact is far greater than the number of cases alone would suggest.【2】Regardless of prognosis, the initial diagnosis is of- ten perceived by patients as life-threatening, with over one-third of sufferers experiencing clinical anxiety and depression. Cancer can also be profoundly distressing as well as economically disruptive to patients' families. The clinical care of cancer patients is a costly element in public health budgets. 【3】Dietary factors are estimated to account for approximately 30% of cancers in Western countries, making diet second only to tobacco as a preventable cause of cancer. This proportion is thought to be about 20% in developing countries and is projected to grow. As developing countries become urbanized, patterns of cancer, particularly those most strongly associated with diet and physical activity, tend to shift towards the patterns of economically developed countries. Cancer rates also change as populations move between countries and adopt different dietary patterns. The relative importance of cancers as a cause of death is increasing. The incidence of lung cancer and cancers of the colon and breast generally increases in parallel with economic development, as stomach cancer declines. Cancer is also strongly associated with social and economic status. Cancer risk factors are highest in groups with the least education. In addition, patients in the lower socioeconomic classes have consistently poorer survival rates than those in higher social class. In recent years, substantial evidence has pointed to the link from overweight and obesity, to many types of cancer such as breast and kidney.【4】The composition of the diet is also important since fruit and vegetables may have a protective effect by decreasing the risk for some cancer types such as oral and gastric cancer. Regular physical activity has also been seen to have a protective effect in reducing the risk of breast cancer. High intake of preserved meat or red meat might be associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. Another aspect of diet clearly related to cancer risk is the high consumption of alcoholic beverages, which convincingly increase the risk of oral cavity, liver and breast cancers. The wealth of knowledge that already exists about cancer risk factors provides obvious and ample scope for action to reduce the cancer burden of all countries. After tobacco, overweight and obesity seems to be the most important avoidable cause of cancer. 【5】Given that poor nutrition, physical inactivity, obesity tobacco and alcohol are risk factors common to other chronic diseases such as CVD, type 2 diabetes, and respiratory diseases, conducting a cancer prevention program withi

There is some relationship between age and children's characteristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be attributed to any one simple cause Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection. Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce, the impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls' adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained？ The greater male aggression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self-control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent. Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents' fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers. Temperamental, irritable kids have difficulty adapting to parental divorce because A．they care too much about the life change. B．the great stress of their families diminishes their ability. C．they tend to lose temper easily and are sensitive to the life change. D．they are faced with more parents' fights than the relaxed, easygoing children.

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A．Person（n,a） B．this（Person（n,a）） C．this（n,a） D．this（name,age）

B．31