As the old empires were broken up and new states were formed, newofficial tongues began to （) at an increasing rate.

A . The City of Westminster B . The City of London C . West End of London D . East End of Londo

A . was B . is C . are D . were

Then came the First World War and the male secretaries were replaced by women. A man's secretary became his personal servant, in charge of remembering his wife's birthday and buying her presents; taking his suits to the dry-cleaners; telling lies on the telephone to keep away people he did not wish to speak to; and, of course, typing and filing and taking shorthand. Now all this may be changing again. The microchip(芯片) and high technology is sweeping the British office, taking with it much of the routine clerical(文书的) work that secretaries did. "Once office technology takes over generally, the status of the job will rise again because it will involve the high-tech work and then men will want to do it again. " That was said by one of the executives(male) of one of the biggest secretarial agencies in this country. What he has predicted is already under way in the U. S. Once high technology has made the job of secretary less routine (乏味的) , will there be a male takeover？ Men should be careful of thinking that they can walk right into the better jobs. There are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as men—not just because they can buy negligees(妇女长睡衣) for the boss's wife, but because they are as efficient and well trained to cope with word processors and computers as men. Before 1914 female secretaries were rare because they______. A．were less efficient and less trained than men B．were looked down upon by men C．would have disturbed the other office workers D．wore stockings and were not as serious as men

A．replaced B．converted C．exchanged D．interchanged

A．to say B．saying C．to have said D．was saying

Today's Georgia is diminished by war, buffeted by geopolitics and recovering from post-Soviet chaos. But 800 years ago the country was a mighty military, cultural and ecclesiastical force. Its greatest monarch, Queen Tamara, defeated many foes (including her first husband) and built fine monuments. In her time, Georgia also had a big stake in the Christian life of the Holy Land. From Jerusalem to the Balkans, Georgia's priests, artists and church-builders were active and respected. So too were its poets, like Shota Rustaveli, the national bard who dedicated an epic to his beloved queen. In between seeking western aid and coping with power cuts, modern Georgia has pledged to keep a wary eye on every place where churches, inscriptions and frescoes testify to its golden age. That includes Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and above all, Israel. Last year, Georgians were enraged when a fresco of Rustaveli, in a Jerusalem church under the care of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, was defaced, then badly restored. This year, a better restoration was done, but Georgians now want a promise that in all future restoration their own experts can take part. They also want to stop the seepage of Georgian frescoes and icons, supposedly under the Patriarchate's care, on to the art market. Several times, Georgia has had to use its meagre resources to buy back pieces of the national heritage. The hope is that things will improve with the recent election of a new Jerusalem Patriarch, after his predecessor was ousted under a cloud of scandal. Georgia's ties with Israel are good, thanks to a thriving Georgian-Jewish community with happy memories of its homeland. Georgia also gets along with Greece, amid a fug of sentimentality over legends about the Argonauts that link the two nations. But can these warm, fuzzy feelings translate into better protection for an ancient culture？ That will be a challenge for Geld Bezhuashvili, who succeeds Salome Zourabichvili, the French-born diplomat who was sacked, after a power struggle, as Georgian foreign minister on October 19th. The word "tricky" in the first paragraph of the text denotes ______. A．deceptive B．crafty C．tough D．tacit

Nowadays when people grow old, we often send them to nursing homes. When they get sick, we transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients--even when those patients are their parents. This deprives(剥夺)the dying patient of significant family members during the last few days of his life and it deprives the children of an experience of death, which is an important learning experience. Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed approximately 500 terminally ill patients in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome. It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients' communications in order to truly understand their needs, fears, and fantasies(幻想). Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition, and to be told when the end was near. We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to cope with the approach of death and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance prior to death. Five hundred critically ill patients were investigated with the main purpose of ______. A．learning how to best help them and their families B．observing how they reacted to the crisis of death C．helping them and their families overcome the fear of death D．finding out their attitude towards the approach of death

此题为多项选择题。

Only a few decades ago, renovation was unpopular and generally far more expensive than taking down abandoned building and string from the beginning.A change began in the 1960s with a number of well-advertised projects.They included Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, where an old chocolate factory was restored and made into shops and restaurants, Trolly Square in Salt Lake, where unused warehouses were made into artists’ studios and apartments. What caused the change？ “One reason is nostalgia,” a San Francisco builder suggests.“Maybe old is better than new, many people are saying.Feelings about preserving attractive or historic buildings have changed a great deal.” A second cause is economy.The cost of tearing down an old building and constructing a new one from nothing now has risen to the point where it is often less expensive to fix a solid older structure.Also builders realize that fixing up an existing building often requires no new permits, sewer lines, or water connections. Even when the costs of restoration are the same as or a bit more than the costs of putting up a new building, fixing the old building may be better.A Boston architect says The advantage comes when you can develop a final project that is more desirable than a new building – one with the right location, more space, more floor area, a special character, materials of a particular quality.” Gradually, architects and builders are developing knowledge about renovation and preservation, bringing imagination and creativity to the job. 16.In the United States, renovating old buildings_____. A.has had a long history B.is becoming increasingly popular C.is still unpopular D.has just caught the fancy of architects and builders 17.Ghirardelli Square, Trolley Square, and the Soho district are projects that_________. A.have been given much publicity B.are little known to the public C.have been widely discussed among builders and city planners D.have changed the building business 18.“Nostalgia” in the 3rd paragraph most probably means________. A.being conservative B.being keen on saving money C.being fond of things new D.being fond of things of the remote past 19.Which of the following statements is true？ A.Every old building can be renovated for new uses B.Renovating old buildings is always less costly than putting up new ones C.Renovation does not require imagination and creativity D.Fixing an old building may have advantages even when it costs a little more

A．The system of commerce implemented after the revolution was relatively similar to the one that ex-isted before it. B．They established a chain of executive command which strongly resembled that which was in place before the revolution. C．Their only attempt to change class structure was to outlaw the development of an aristocracy. D．They maintained the same exclusive and undemocratic system of suffrage that existed prior to the war. 此题为多项选择题。

A.clear B.necessary C.special D.correct

是 否

A．conditions B．position C．boss D．pay