Unit 1 Fresh start

Part II key to exercises

Section A

Pre-reading activities

1

1B  2D  3C  4A  5E

3

1 In fact all the pieces of advice mentioned in the interview are very useful. But if I have t choose one as the most useful, I’d choose “keep a balance”. When we were in high school, we spent almost all our time studying. There lacked a balance between social life and academic life in high school. It’s important to keep a balance between life and work because it will give us a sound mind in a sound body. Now we have much more free time, so we can join student organizations or go to different activities.

2 Before I left for college my parents did have a talk with me. They told me how important college experience would be in my life. They told me about the opportunities that college education would open up to me. They told me to try to develop more interests and join some student clubs. The most impressive advice they gave me was that I should not only read books about my major; instead, they advised me to read as widely as possible. All these are very valuable pieces of advice.

Scripts:

Sarah: Hi I’m Sarah. I’m a student advisor at a university. I know the first year of college is always difficult. You have to adapt to a new environment, and learn to do everything on your own. To help make your transition just a little easier, I’m going to interview some senior students on campus let’s see what advice they can give you.

Sarah: Hi Jennifer. What do you think is important to a freshman?

Jennifer: I think it is very important to go to class regularly. It sounds easy, but oversleeping and missing that 8 o’clock morning class is very common. Try to go to class on time and regularly. You will learn the material in class, get to know the professors, and make friends with your classmates. You will also get important information from the professors about tests and exams.

Sarah: Mark, do you agree with Jennifer?

Mark: Absolutely. My advice is: Find a good place to study. It may be your dorm room or a corner of the library or a quiet classroom, but find a place that works best for you to get your work done. If you have trouble concentrating in your dorm, you need to find another place.

Sarah: Nancy, what is our advice for freshmen?

Nancy: “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” My advice is to get involved on campus. A big problem for a lot of new students is that they miss home and they don't have a sense of belonging. The solution is to join a student organization, or a club, or a sports team. You will make new friends, learn new skills, and feel more connected to your school.

Sarah: Excellent advice, Nancy. Simon, it seems you have something to say.

Simon: Yes, I do. Well, I want to say you should keep a balance. College life is a mixture of social life and academic life. Don’t join too many student organizations or go to too many activities. Otherwise, you won’t have enough time to study. Of course, you should not become a book worm. The key is to keep a balance between fun and study.

Sarah: They all give very useful tips. But let me add a few more. Take responsibility for yourself and your actions; take advantage of the learning resources on campus; stay healthy and eat right. I hope you will get the most out of your college experience.

Reading comprehension

Understanding the text

1

1. The parents reminded their children to work hard and achieve the best they could.

2. The president calls on the students to make the most of the great resources on campus: to explore new subjects, to meet fascinating people, and to pursue new passions.

3. By saying “sample them widely”, the president mean students should try may different courses and try something new to see what it is like.

4. If we don’t challenge ourselves, we will not become broadly educated people, and we may not find the passion that will help us shape our future.

5. We can learn from the example of Vera Wang that we should challenge ourselves and by challenging ourselves, we are more likely to find an interest we don’t know we have, and this interest may help us build a prosperous future.

6. W should not worry, and we should learn to face this new part of our life with enthusiasm. College experiences, pleasant or unpleasant, will provide us with valuable lessons which will enrich our life.

7. The expression Now it is your turn” means that now it is time for you to acquire knowledge and to pass it on.

8. The president’s welcoming speech is really impressive. He mentions many important things about college life , the resources available on campus, as well as the opportunities we have and the responsibilities we should take. The speech is very inspiring.

Critical thinking

1. A university education will play a very important role in my life, and it will benefit me in a number of ways. In the university I can acquire specialized knowledge about my major, and develop critical thinking and research skills. I will have the opportunities to meet and share ideas with people of different minds. I can gain a broader view of the world by meeting people from diverse backgrounds and cultures. And I will start my life journey of self-discovery, self-improvement, and self-fulfillment.

2. Yes, absolutely. With a university education, a person will have more freedom and therefore more choices. This education experience provides unlimited potential. Moreover, a university education provides the means for one to succeed. Not only will a person obtain knowledge and skills essential for his career development, but he will also develop an independent mind and be able to make right decisions on his own.

3. I admire those who dropped out of university and yet have made fame for themselves by achieving big goals. Some people use those successful college dropouts as counterexamples to show their belief that a person can succeed even without a university education. Chances are that most people do not have the same mind, talent, determination, or opportunities as Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, and Mark Zuckerberg did; therefore, they might not be able to achieve success without having a university education. In fact, a university education will equip them with the necessary knowledge and skills which will help them to succeed.

4. Nowadays education is getting more and more expensive, especially college education. And there are people who choose to give up education because of the high cost. But without education, one would not be able to acquire knowledge that an education will offer. In other words, they would be “ignorant”. The result would be that ignorant people will suffer even more or pay even more for being so. It is true that education is expensive, but if you try “ignorance”, the cost would be even higher

5. To sample widely and challenge my self, I am going to venture out of my comfort zone and do what I have not had the courage to do. For instance, I will make friends with people from diverse backgrounds and cultures. I will take a swimming class and learn how to swim. I wil attend unconventional lectures, join student clubs, and try all kinds of food. Most of all, I will do whatever it takes to make the most of the four years and try to become a well-rounded graduate.

Language focus

Words in use

3

1 confidence    2 explore    3 emerged    4 assume    5 pose   6 comprehensive

7 resources     8 yield      9 inherited    10 transmit

Word building

4

Words learned                               new words formed

-un

cover                                      uncover

easy                                       uneasy

load                                       unload

-ant

apply                                      applicant

resist                                      resistant

account                                    accountant

-ify

simple                                     amplify

note                                       notify

quality                                    qualify

class                                      classify

5

1. classified   

2. assist

3. resistant

4. uncovered

5. uneasy

6. qualify

7. unloading

8. applicants

9. simplified

10. accountant

11. notified

banked cloze

6

1 D  2 H  3A  4B  5M  6 F  7O  8 I  9 G  10 J

Expressions in use

7

1. got by

2. make the most of

3. in advance

4. over time

5. reap the benefits of

6. all at once

7. remind… of

8. stand a chance of

9. open the door to

10. take pleasure in

Translation汉译英

11. 孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的"圣人"（sage）。他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》（The Analects）一书中。《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。在21世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。

12. Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient "sage". His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years' traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius' thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.

section B

reading skills

1

1. A

2. A

3. C

4. B, C, E

Reading comprehension

Understanding the text

3.

1 The father is happy that his child is going to college and will have new exciting experiences. Meantime, the father feels sad to see the child leave.

2. Because it is in college that the child will find out what learning is about.

3. The statement “Education is what remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school” was made by Einstein. It means that the details you have learned or the facts you have remembered are not important. What is really important is the fact that you have learned how to learn and that you have developed a way of thinking and a sense of responsibility.

4. the father thinks his child should take courses that will stimulate his interest and improve his intellectual capacity.

5. what Steve Jobs meant was that in college, your passion will guide you to learn a lot of new and seemingly unconnected things; but later, those unconnected things will become connected and help you build your life and career.

6. the father warns his child not to be upset by low grades. They are only letters and are not important.

7. Genuine and sincere people can become our friends.

8. The father is eager to see what his child will develop into, and what achievements his child will make in the future.

Critical thinking

4

1. I felt somewhat sad when the time came for me to leave my parents for college because I had to leave them for the first time in my life. I missed all the comforts they provide for me at home. But in the meanwhile, I felt excited about my new experience of living on campus. For me, living on my own was an indication of independence and responsibilities. I was looking forward to this new and exciting leg of my life journey.

2. My parents expect me to try my best in all aspects. They said to me when I left home for college, “Doing your best does not just mean you have to get straight A’s. it means you should work as hard as you can, develop and flourish socially, and enjoy life fully.” They have very high expectations of me because they believe in me. They know that I have the motivation and ability to achieve the goals I have set.

3. .I like to be friends with people who have similar hobbies to mine. If we have similar hobbies, we will have a lot to talk about with each other. I also like to make friends with outgoing people because I am very shy.

. I only make friends with people who are honest, polite and sincere. I don’t care whether we share similar hobbies or interests or not. As long as he/she is a nice person, I’ll be happy to be friends with him/her.

4. Actually, I think almost all courses can stimulate our intellectual capacity. To some people, courses that require them to solve problems, such as math, physics, and enginerring, can enhance their intellectual capacity. But to other people their intellectual capacity can be developed more by courses like music, philosophy, or literature, because they have to use their brainpower to think and seek answers since there are no right or wrong answers to many questions in these fields. Personally, I think learning something new will definitely stimulate my intellectual capacity, so  I’m going to take some courses both in arts and science.

5. When I was a kid, my parents had to word away from home, so I had to stay with my relatives for four years without my parents being around. As a result, I have learned to be very adaptable. Now, I an study and live in different environments. Being able to adapt is thus one of my dots.

Language focus

5

1. stimulate

2. potential

3. cultivate

4. instinct

5. confident

6. assured

7. curiosity

8. participate

9. approach

10. capacity

expressions in use

6

1. into

2. like

3. to

4. up

5. to

6. up

7. off

8. in

sentence structure

7

1. Some people have pets and regard them as friends while other people dislike pets and think they may cause diseases.\

2. Jerry is very bold and likes taking risks while his brother is extremely careful and thinks things through before doing anything.

3. Beijing is a busy city with a large population while my hometown is very quiet with a small population.

8

1. It is Sam that/who thinks that the greatest achievement of last century was the landing of mankind on the moon.

2. It was during my undergraduate studies that I found out what my passion was.

3. It is the curiosity and creativity of children that causes many educators to believe that teaching should stimulate children’s interest in learning.

Collocation

9

1. make

2. make

3. do

4. make

5. make

6. do

7. do

8. do