Unit 8 Friendship across gender and border

Section A

Language focus

Words in use

3

1 sequence 2 relief  3 retreated 4 restrain 5 inevitably 6 tendency 7 deliberate

8 process 9 evident 10 rigid

Words building

4

Words learned New words formed

-ly

present     presently

cost         costly

dead        deadly

approximately                            approximate

name                                   namely

scarcely                                 scarce

barely                                   bare

-or

editor     edit

generate     generator

survivor        survive

5

1 approximate 2 deadly   3 presently 4 costly 5 generator  6 bare  7 survive

8 editing 9 namely 10 scarce  

Banked cloze

6

1 O 2 M 3 N 4 K 5 J  6 G  7 A  8 D  9 E  10 B

Expressions in use

7

1 in…terms 2 pulled away  3 to…relief   4 be born with  5 in a new light  6 on a mission

7 in comparison  8 make up for  9 spilled out   10 At the time

Structured writing

9

College life and high school life differ in many ways. High school offers fundamental courses such as math, physics and English, whereas college offers more specialized courses, most of which are related to students’ majors. In high school, all classes are arranged by the school, so students just follow a fixed schedule; in contrast, college students can choose the courses in which they are interested and arrange their own schedule, so their schedule is more flexible. Moreover, high school students acquire knowledge and skills mainly through teacher’s instructions. In contrast, besides attending lectures, college students are expected to learn on their own, and develop critical thinking.

Translation

10

作为世界上唯一一个真正具有普遍性的世界组织，联合国已经成为处理超越国界、而且任何一个国家都无法独立解决的问题的首要论坛。 联合国最初的宗旨是维护和平、保护人权、建立国际公平主义的框架以及促进经济和社会进步。 近年来，联合国又面临着新的挑战，诸如气候变化、国际恐怖主义和艾滋病等。 现在，解决争端及维护和平仍然是联合国最主要的任务。除此之外，联合国及其专门机构还致力于各种旨在改进世界人民生活的活动， 从赈灾到教育和妇女进步，再到原子能的和平使用。联合国及其专门机构推动世界成为一个更加友好、更加宜居的地方， 为全世界人民带来了福祉。 

11

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, China has persisted in the independent foreign policy of peace, and made tremendous progress in foreign affairs. By 2011, China had established diplomatic relations with 172 countries. Over recent years, with the enhancement of its comprehensive national strength, China has been playing an increasingly important role in international affairs, and China’s international status has been further enhanced. In regional affairs, China actively promotes all kinds of regional cooperation. It has made important contributions in maintaining regional peace and promoting regional development. China’s diplomacy will hold high the banner of “ peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit”. On the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and through all-round and friendly cooperation with various countries, China will make unremitting efforts to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.

Section B

Reading skills

1

Paragraph 2

Friendship in the US.

To describe how American friends treat each other.

For Americans, a friendship may be superficial, casual, situational or deep and enduring.

Paragraph 4

Friendship in Germany

To describe the characteristics of German friendship.

In Germany, friendship is much more a matter of feeling and affection.

Language focus

Words in use

4

1 compatible 2 ( been) integrated  3 diverse 4 constitute  5 significant 6 guarantee

7 complicated    8 keen 9 enhance 10 extend

Expressions in use

5

1 a range of 2 back and forth  3 showered with   4 debt of gratitude/ thanks  

5 feel/ be at home  6 come into being 7 apply to   8 A lack of

Sentence structure

6

1Much to my surprise, she had changed so much that I could hardly recognize her.

2To the general manager’s delight, quite a number of business partners showed interest in this new project.

3 Much to my cousin’s disappointment, no one in the room found her joke amusing.

7

1 In his letter, I could see that his purpose was not so much to make an apology as to defend himself.

2 You should understand that success depends not so much on luck as on hard work.

3 She controlled the discussion. They all felt it was not so much a discussion as al long speech by herself.

Collocation

8

1 value friendship   2 make friends  3 begin a friendship   4 enduring friendship  5 shared activities   6 emotional expressions   7 emotionally feelings   8 emotionally honest  

9 enhance their friendship   10 distinct boundaries  11 situational friendship  12 one-to-one relationship   13 cross-gender friendships   14 keen awareness  15  specialized interests  

16 private relationships