Unit 8 Educational Problems

发表于 2022-08-20 18:12:12 阅读 (52) 分类:全新版综合教程

关于懒散少年的寓言故事

——本杰明·斯坦

    去年一个秋日,我文件夹用完了,便去杂货店买。我拿了一大把文件夹搁在柜台上,问一个十几岁的售货员多少钱。“不知道,”她回答说,“反正单价12美分。”

    我数了数文件夹。“二十三个,单价12美分,总共2.76美金,不含税,”我说。

    “你心算的?”她惊奇地问道,“你怎么会算出来的?”

    “靠魔力,”我说。

    “真的?”她问。

    略受教育的成年人没有谁不会为这样的经历难过。虽然我们的孩子似乎比以往任何时候都要温厚和气,他们却如此无知——对自己的无知状况也如此无知——以至使我感到可怕。在我最近任教的一所私立大学,一个六十人的四年级班上,没有一个学生写短文时不犯拼写错误。没有一个学生例外。

    但这只是问题的一小部分。在我所见过的许多学生中,再也没有过去学生都有的哪怕是进行最简单的计算的能力,他们对世界历史和地理都一无所知。

    更有甚者,他们对这种种的无知却毫不在乎,实在令人不寒而栗。一位朋友的聪明但却很懒散的十六岁儿子在解释他为什么不想上加州洛杉矶分校时说的话是对这种态度的高度概括。“我不想去那儿跟亚洲人竞争,”他说,“他们用功,什么都知道。”

    其实,无论他是否愿意,这位年轻人都将不得不去跟亚洲人竞争。他不能永远躺在先辈积累的经济、物质与人力资本上。用不了多久,他懒于用脑的结果将严重影响他的生活方式,也将影响我们其他所有的人。一个现代工业化国家无法靠一支懒散、无知的劳动大军运行。飞机会坠落。计算机会出故障。汽车会抛锚。

    为使这样的美国青年彻底认识到这一点,我的愚见是:拍一部电影,或电视连续剧,生动地描述我们国家的今天如何来之不易——而要丧失这一切又何其容易。下面我奉献一篇寓言故事。

    故事开始时,我们的主人公凯文·汉利1990,一名十七岁的高三学生,正坐在自己房间里,心情痛苦。他父母一定要他准备欧洲史考试。而他则想去买一副激光唱片随身听的耳机。他被迫要读的书——《各国的财富》——让他打瞌睡。

    凯文进入梦乡,时值1835年,他是他本人的曾太祖父,十七岁,是爱尔兰克雷郡的一个农民。他住在小小的陋室里,睡在一头猪旁。他老是挨饿,总是要找吃的。他最大的心愿是学会读书写字,以便找一个职员的工作。有了固定的工资,他就能养活自己,贴补家用。但汉利的贫穷使他无从享受上学这样的奢侈。没有教育,没有钱,他无能为力。他惟一的希望寄托在孩子身上。如果他们能接受教育,他们就会生活得好一些。

    我们的寓言故事快速展开。现在凯文·汉利1990成了他自己的曾祖父,凯文·汉利1928。他也是十七岁,在匹兹堡一家钢铁厂工作。他的父亲从爱尔兰来到美国,参加过纽约地铁的修建。凯文·汉利1928比自己的父亲和祖父境遇好多了。他能读书写字。他的工资比先辈在爱尔兰时的收入高多了。

    接下来凯文·汉利1990梦见自己成了他自己的祖父凯文·汉利1945。他正在硫黄岛与死敌日本军队作战。他总是又热又饿又害怕。一天晚上他在散兵坑里与一个朋友讲自己为什么在那儿作战:“这样我的儿子、孙子就能生活在和平安全的环境里。等我回国了,我要勤奋工作,让儿子上大学,这样他就可以干脑力活儿,而不是靠卖苦力生活。”

    接着凯文·汉利1990成了他自己的父亲凯文·汉利1966。他终日用功,这样就可以上大学,进法学院。他住在漂亮的房子里。他一生在和平环境中过着富裕的生活。他对女朋友说,等他有了儿子,他不会像他父亲逼他那样逼自己的儿子整天读书。

    就在这时,凯文·汉利1990被自己的梦惊醒了。他离开了爱尔兰,离开了那家钢铁厂,离开了硫黄岛,不由松了口气。他又睡着了。

    他接着做梦,这次成了他自己的儿子凯文·汉利2020。枪声日夜不停。他那整个一代人忘却了过去为什么要有法律,因此现在没有法律了。人们丝毫不关心政治,政府不为工人阶级提供服务。

    凯文2020的父亲,自然就是凯文1990本人,在日本人开的一家工厂当清洁工。凯文2020在一家专为有钱的欧洲人和亚洲人开的酒店里当行李工。公共教育到六年级为止。美国人早就不再要求自己的孩子接受良好的教育。

    凯文1990最后梦见的是他自己的孙子。凯文2050没有有用的技能。日本制造的机器包揽了所有复杂的工作,没有什么体力活可做。没有受过教育,没有受过训练,他挣不到足够的钱养活自己。他住在贫民窟,没有暖气,没有卫生设备,无法不受四邻干扰,靠搜捡破烂度日。

    总之,他的生活就像凯文·汉利1835在爱尔兰时一模一样。可是有一天,凯文·汉利2050与一位研究美国衰亡史的来访日本人类学家交上了朋友。那人跟凯文解释说,如果一个人没有钱,教育能提供积累金融资本所必需的人力资本。勤奋、教育、节俭、纪律能成就一切。“我们就是这样从一百多年前你们打败我们的战争废墟中站起来的。”

    “美国在战争中打败日本?”凯文2050问道。他惊讶之极。这听起来就像说巴西在1990年打败美国一样不可思议。凯文2050发誓,如果他有孩子的话,他一定要让他们工作、上学、学习并约束自己。“能凭自己的脑力,而不是靠偷窃为生,”他说,“那将会是个奇迹。”

    凯文1990醒了过来,身旁放着他的那本《各国的财富》。他打开书,跳入眼帘的第一句话就是:“一个不能恰当运用人类智力的人极可能比懦夫更可鄙。”

    凯文的父亲走了进来。“好了,儿子,”他说,“咱们去看耳机吧。”

    “抱歉了,爸爸,”凯文1990说,“我得看书学习了。”

Pair work

1. She was amazed at the author’s ability to do mental calculation.

2. Children can’t spell correctly; their knowledge of word history and geography is non-existent

3. He didn’t want to compete with the hard-working Asians at U.C.L.A. He preferred a less intellectually challenging life.

4. A modern industrial state cannot function with an idle, ignorant labor force.

5. To use the media to dramatize and drive home the message to today’s teenagers.

6. He is fed up with the book he is forced to red.

7. They can’t read or write. They place their hopes on their children.

8. He works as a cleaner in a factory owned by the Japanese.

9. Because he has no education, no useful skill, and no discipline.

10. Americans stop demanding good education foe children. Machines do all the complex work and there is little manual work to be done. America is poorer than Japan and European countries.

11. Hard work education, saving and discipline help a nation rise from the ashes.

12. He finally comes to realize the importance of study.

Work on your own

1.

Part one    paras.1-10

  Teenagers’ idleness and ignorance will produce serious effects on all concerned and society as a whole.

Part two    paras.11-24

  Kevin 1990 comes to realize in his dream how greatly lack of education costs his forebears, himself, his children and the society they live in, and how important it is to study hard.

 

2.

Part one

Teenagers’ intellectual laziness and ignorance

Part two

Kevin 1990, his forebears(with the exception of his intellectual father),and his children lead a poor, miserable life.

America is on the decline.

There is no law and order in the country.

America children have no chance to receive a good education.

Businesses in America are owned by wealthy Europeans and Asians.

Language sense enhancement

Indifference   (1)

Summed up   (2)

Preferred     (3)

Financial    (4)

Accumulated (5)

Intellectual   (6)

Affect       (7)

Industrial    (8)

Idle         (9)

Break down  (10)

Vocabulary

I

1.

1. industrial

2. idle

3. is functioning

4. intellectual

5. scared

6. handful

7. luxury

8. private

9. work up

10. slice

11. miracle

12. was jammed

2.

1.  to be seriously affected by the rise in gas prices。

2.  is a matter of total indifference to me.

3.  drove home the point that they needed extra people

4.  was found after they searched for it for a long time

5.  had run out of water by the time they got to the camp

3.

1. manual    and complex     its financial

2. was very upset     make a living by     swore    was/became much better off

3. handful   ignorant of       paintings/ works summed up

 

II

1. The young man made $5 an hour in his summer job.

2. What made you change your mind?

3. I’m sure Jason will make a good lawyer.

4. The vet put something down the dog’s throat to make it vomit.

5. The story makes interesting reading.

6. Five and five make ten.

7. On foot they can only make about 20 miles a day.

8. I don’t think she’ll ever really make it to the top

III

1  

(1) developing

(2) develop

(3) development

(4) develop

(5) developing  developed

2

(1) amazed

(2) amazes

(3) amazingly

(4) amazing

(5) amazement

Comprehensive exercise

I. CLOZE

1. TEXT-RELATED

(1) complex

(2) idle

(3) make a living by

(4) accumulated

(5) affect

(6) function

(7) faculties

(8) ignorant

(9) wake up

2. THEME-RELATED

(1) dormitory

(2) passing

(3) leaping

(4) department

(5) burned

(6) destroyed

(7) seriously

(8) marriages

(9) report

(10) perspective

 

II TRANSLATION

1) Without his personal file, an applicant can hardly expect to get/ be employed as a teacher.

2) With enough ice, we would be able to chill the drinks.

3) In my humble opinion, reading us the most pleasant way to spend one’s leisure.

4) Some people said it was simply a miracle that the American athlete Michael Phelps won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

5) The washing machine has broken down, so we have to wash our clothes by hand.

 

This morning I heard an interesting piece of news over my portable radio: a man of 36 and his son of 10 attend the same class competing with each other for high marks. The story goes/ It’s like this:

The man, Li Wei by name, was too idle to learn anything when young. With little education, with no useful skills, he could hardly earn an adequate living wage. His life experiences drove home to him the point that he had to acquire knowledge before he was able to accumulate wealth. So Li Wei swore that he would go to school with his son, determined to learn.