听力原文：Actually, in China by now, the dominant users of smart cards are not banks, but governments and commercial organizations.

The Pentagon confirms that a senior U. S. defense official has presented South Korean authorities with what is termed a "concept proposal" for the withdrawal of 12,500 troops from the Peninsula by the end of next year. There are about 37,000 U. S. troops in South Korea now. The senior official, Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for Asian and Pacific Affairs Richard Lawless, unveiled the proposal in talks Sunday in Seoul. Mr. Lawless made clear the 1/3 cut in the U. S. force in South Korea will include a brigade being transferred to Iraq later this year. That move involving 3,600 troops was announced last month. At the time, it was unclear whether the soldiers would return to South Korea at the conclusion of their Iraqi tour. Alex Belida, VOA news, the Pentagon. According to the proposal, by the end of next year the U. S. will reduce its troops in South Korea by ______. A．3,600 B．12,500 C．8,900 D．16,100

故事中的年轻人说他不希望在一个女人负责的学校里教书。

M: ...and be boxed in by a thousand other houses I suppose~ Surrounded by a thousand faceless neighbors. No, let' s go for the village. After all I'm the one who has to do all the traveling. Back and forth to London every day. And I would rather add a 15 minutes bus ride to the train ride than be--How does it go？--cabin' d, cribb' d confi' d. F: That' s all very well...all very well to take that romantic attitude. You know... you think you can get out of everything...wriggle out of any argument...by quoting Shakespeare. What about my preferences？ You are being selfish you know. M: Selfish？ Me？ F: Yes. Think of the children. Its seems to me that you are so carried away with the idea that your personal likes and dislikes are making you anything but practical. What's the relations between the speakers？ A．Friends. B．Colleagues. C．Husband and wife. D．Landlord and tenant.

What is true of his new book？ A．Mediocre. B．Bad. C．Not as good as was expected by the publishing house. D．A success.

听力原文： By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861- 1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox -- a precursor of the modem refrigerator, had been invented. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The common sense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox. But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool. Which of the following led to the growth of ice trade according to the passage？ A．The growth of the American population. B．The expansion of cities. C．The change of the diet of ordinary citizens. D．The increasing need for food.

The most important part of dog-care is cleanliness. Not only does the dog have to be kept clean, but his environment should also be clean. The bed he sleeps in can be made with anything like a rug or a dog mattress. Proper feeding is also important for your dog's health. A dog should be fed in the same place and on a regular schedule. If your dog refuses to eat, don't force him. Remove his food and don't feed him again until his next regular feeding. Food should never be left before a dog for more than 30 minutes. One important thing that many dog owners forget is exercise for the dog. Vigorous exercise helps build strength and keeps the dog healthy. A regular walk at a fixed time of the day is enough to help a smaller dog live a healthier end happier life. Large dogs, though, require a run in an open fid& There are other things that are also important for a dog's health — things like bathing, care of the teeth and nails, keeping them away from insects as much as possible. But if you observe the three main points covered above, your dog will give you a great amount of pleasure. (23) A．Until he eats it. B．All day. C．At lease 30 minutes. D．No more than 30 minutes.

听力原文： Lecturer: In the last lecture, we looked at the adverse effects of desert dust on global climate. Today we're going to examine more closely what causes dust storms and what other effects they can have. As you know, dust storms have always been a feature of desert climates, but what we want to focus on today is the extent to which human activity is causing them. And it is this trend that I want to look at, because it has wide-ranging implications. So, what are these human activities？ Well, there are two main types that affect the wind erosion process, and thus the frequency of dust storms. There are activities that break up naturally wind-resistant surfaces such as off-road vehicle use and construction and there are those that remove protective vegetation cover from soils, for example, mainly farming and drainage. In many cases the two effects occur simultaneously which adds to the problem. Let's look at some real examples and see what I'm talking about. Perhaps the best-known example of agricultural impact on desert dust is the creation of the USA's 'dust bowl' in the 1930s. The dramatic rise in the number of dust storms during the latter part of that decade was the result of farmers' mismanaging their land. In fact, choking dust storms became so commonplace that the decade became known as the 'Dirty Thirties'. Researchers observed a similar, but more prolonged, increase in dustiness in West Africa between the 1960s and the 1980s when the frequency of the storms rose to 80 a year and the dust was so thick that visibility was reduced to 1,000 metres. This was a hazard to pilots and road users. In places like Arizona, the most dangerous dust clouds are those generated by dry thunderstorms. Here, this type of storm is so common that the problem inspired officials to develop an alert system to warn people of oncoming thunderstorms. When this dust is deposited it causes all sorts of problems for machine operators. It can penetrate the smallest nooks and crannies and play havoc with the way things operate because most of the dust is made up of quartz which is very hard. Another example - the concentration of dust originating from the Sahara has risen steadily since the mid-1960s. This increase in wind erosion has coincided with a prolonged drought, which has gripped the Sahara's southern fringe. Drought is commonly associated with an increase in dust-raising activity but it's actually caused by low rainfall which results in vegetation dying off. One of the foremost examples of modern human-induced environmental degradation is the drying up of the Aral Sea in Central Asia. Its ecological demise dates from the 1950s when intensive irrigation began in the then Central Asian republics of the USSR. This produced a dramatic decline in the volume of water entering the sea from its two major tributaries. In 1960, the Aral Sea was the fourth-largest lake in the world, but since that time it has lost two-thirds of its volume, its surface area has halved and its water level has dropped by more than 216 metres. A knock-on effect of this ecological disaster has been the release of significant new sources of wind-blown material, as the water level has dropped. And the problems don't stop there. The salinity of the lake has increased so that it is now virtually the same as sea water. This means that the material that is blown from the dry bed of the Aral Sea is highly saline. Scientists believe it is adversely affecting crops around the sea because salts are toxic to plants. This shows that dust storms have numerous consequences beyond their effects on climate, both for the workings of environmental systems and for people living in drylands ... SECTION 4 Questions 31-40 Questions 31-32 Complete the notes using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer Main focus of lecture: the impact of 【31】______ on the occurrence of dust st

听力原文：Woman: I haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been Man: Actually, I have been doing research recent A．He is doing research． B．He works long hours in the laB C．He is making progress． D．He was unhappy until recently．

Luis Posada Carriles, a 77-year-old former CIA operative and Venezuelan security official, was taken into custody by U.S. immigration authorities, the Homeland Security Department said in a statement. The department did not say what it planned to do with Posada. Venezuela has asked for his extradition, and Cuba has asked that he be sent to Venezuela for retrial in the bombing or go before an international tribunal. Generally, the U.S. government does not return people to countries acting on Cuba's behalf, the department said. It has 48 hours to determine his immigration status. Luis Posada Carriles was detained______ A．because he had killed 73 Cuban 'civilians in 1976 B．because he had planned an airliner bombing in 1976 C．because he had worked as a spy on Cuba' s behalf D．because of his illegal immigration status

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A．On foot． B．By bus． C．By bike D．By taxi．

Some companies want executives who combine administrative ability with a specialty in some branch of knowledge, such as mathematics or engineering. Other companies look for people skilled in human relations. For them, good management is the art of solving "people problems". These are interesting insights, but what are the specific traits that will help people to climb the ladder of success？ First, drive. Business takes an unusual amount of energy. A successful executive—almost by definition--is a striver. According to one industrial psychologist, 86.5% of top managers have a higher activity level than the average middle managers. Top men get tense when they are not striving. Second, people sense. Some say being able to judge people is more important than a high IQ. The skill can be instinctual, but in most cases it's learned through hard work. Third, communication ability. An executive gets things done through other people. That means his communications must come through loud and clear. Different executives make themselves understood in different ways. Some transmit ideas best face to face; others are masters of the telephone call; still others are persuasive writers. One way or another, they all communicate clearly. Fourth, calm under pressure, or as Hemingway put it, "grace under pressure". No businessman will get very far if he chokes up. (30) A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.

M: But flying always makes me so nervous. Q: What does the man mean？ (17) A．He prefers taking a plane because the bus is too slow. B．He prefers taking a bus because the plane makes him nervous. C．He prefers staying at home to traveling by plane. D．He prefers traveling with the woman.

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(8) A．A bill can not be accepted after it has been dishonored by a previous refusal to accept. B．If a bill has been dishonored by non-payment, it may not be accepted by another person. C．If a bill has been dishonored by a previous refusal to accept, it may be accepted by another person. D．A bill can not be accepted after it has been dishonored by non-payment.

W: Yes, Sven. I will be glad when exams are over. M: What are you doing for the summer break？ W: (19) I would like to go to Italy and work at a restaurant in Florence. My uncle owns a restaurant specializing in seafood and he has offered me a casual job. M: That would be a wonderful summer. W: Yes, I really wanna go. (19) But the problem is my father had a heart attack three weeks ago. I am the only one to help my mother. It is such a dilemma. I don't know what to do. M: Yes, that would be a very difficult decision. W: I am leaning towards going to Italy, but I just feel so guilty. What about you, Sven？ What are your plans for the summer？ M: Well, I have a dilemma, too. (20) I would love to go to Nepal as a volunteer to instruct local residents in engineering skills. W: It would be a chance to share what you already know. M: However, I don't find out until next week whether or not I have been accepted into the program. If I do get accepted, I won't be making any money and I need money to return to university for my final year in September. W: I can see your problem. Can't you borrow money from financial aid for your final year？ M: Probably, but I hate to start off with a lot of debt. (21) Engineering fees are rising by 10 percent next year. It is not an inexpensive faculty to be in. 19. What is the woman's main dilemma？ 20.What does the man love to do in the summer？ 21.What do we know about engineering faculty？ (1) A．Going to Italy vs. helping her mother. B．Going to Nepal vs. staying home. C．Having fun vs. making money. D．Attending her family vs. improving her job skills.

听力原文： Recently a five-year study was conducted by the Center for Childhood Development in Los Angeles, California regarding the way babies react to different types of people. The findings of the study suggest that infant children seem to be more comfortable around other babies than they are with strange adults. The result confirm the ideas of Dr. Richard Perelman, a well-know pediatrician, who has written many books about raising children. Dr. Richard Perelman supports the findings of the study and adds that it is a sounder idea to keep children with other children, as in a day care center, than it is to have children cared for by a baby-sitter. According to the results of the study, infants benefit from being in the company of other babies on a daily basis. Whereas some babies seem to show fear of strange adults. They are likely to reach out to try to touch an unfamiliar baby. The study even suggests that children as young as one year old can form. friendships According to the study, what is the way the babies react to different people？ A．They seem to be more comfortable around other babies than with strange adults. B．They seem to be more nervous around other babies than with strange adults. C．They seem to be as comfortable around other babies as with strange adults. D．They have no special interest.

It can be inferred from the statement that the Swedish social welfare system, which pro vides life-long care of its citizens, is no longer feasible and satisfactory. A．正确 B．错误

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A、More bonds and less stocks B、More bonds and more stocks C、Less bonds and less stocks D、Less bonds and more stocks