听力原文：Today is the last day of this term, I have two exams. So I worked for two hours last night, half on mathematics, half on psychology.

M: Well, it's a combination of things, but at the top of the list I think I'd put being truthful. Staff have certain expectations of how they should be treated and they want their managers to be fair. Not telling your staff what's happening is a sure way of losing their respect. You need to concentrate on solving problems, not hiding them. W: But not all problems can be solved, can they？ M: Most can, actually, but that's not the point. The thing is, instead of reacting after the dam-ages done, you should be talking to staff about how things are going and avoiding a situation where they come to see you about the problems after the event. The trick is to decide what problems might arise before they actually happen. W: What about having staff work together？ How should that be managed？ M: Well, some people appear to like working on their own, but in most companies, people who work on their own do so because they have been neglected. They have been given a task and their boss is not in-terested in how it is being done. This makes their sense of achievements smaller no matter how hard they work. People who work in teams have dearer overall picture of the work they are involved in. They have a role to play, and they know that if they don't perform. well, it is not only the business is going to suffer but also the other members of their team. So it is up to managers to create teams within their organization and encourage this team spirit. It raises performance. W: How is this best done？ M: Well, it's important to identify certain key employees among your staff and give them particular support and attention. If these key people are encouraged in their work, they would perform. better themselves, and more importantly raise the general level of performance of all the others in their area. W: Isn't it also a question of recruitment？ M: Yes, yes, lots of difficulties in staff management arise because mangers genuinely don't know how to select the right person. Sometimes interviewees are chosen on the basis of written personality tests which hear no relation with the work they'll be actually doing. Many managers admit that they sometimes ignore the lack of appropriate skills in recruiting the staff. I'd say that in the vast majority of cases they simply opt for the candidates who's made the best impression in half an hour or so... F: So, what should we have instead？ M: Well, the selection procedure should involve matching the skills and knowledge of the applicant to the actual job. And they should be done in the most immediate and relevant way possible, for example, if you try to recruit a trainer for your company, an important part of the inter-view should involve the applicant giving a pre-pared training session. Training is what they'll be doing, so you should see them in operation be-fore employing them. F: That sounds sensible. The final question, Brian, is about discipline, which is perhaps the hardest factor to get it right. What is the latest thinking？ B: Umm, well, the issues are: should you be a hard, unfriendly boss, make sure everyone obey your order without a question, or should you be more sympathetic and listen to your employees' difficulties？ Then there will be time when you have to discipline someone who has done some-thing wrong. It can be difficult if you are on very friendly terms with them. So a certain distance is necessary. On the either hand, if you are too un-approachable, you may not be made aware of important problems. M: Well, thank you, Brian. I'm sure plenty of managers out there will find out our talk very interesting. ？You will hear a radio interview with Brian Williams, a management expert. The interview deals with staf A．being able to concentrate. B．being honest. C．being respected.

M: It might be time to invest in a more recent model. Q: What does the man mean？ (14) A．The woman should buy a famous brand. B．The washing machine should have worked longer. C．The woman should consider buying a new one. D．The washing machine was not a good investment.

But there was a time when Les Angeles was nothing more than a tiny Indian village. The Spanish expedition searching for Monterey Bay camped there the night of August 1,1769. Twelve years later, other Spaniards started a settlement at the village, which remained unchanged for decades. Yankee sea traders used the settlement as a port, and the California gold rush brought some new economic life to the village, but the town remained quite small. It was not until the completion of the transcontinental railroads in 1869, and the discovery of oil in the 1890s, that the population began to grow. Later, during the two world wars, Los Angeles experienced move growth, in part because of the new airplane industry. At about the same time, the arrival of two New York motion picture producers in search of sunny weather marked the beginning of an entertainment industry that has become a multibillion-dollar industry today. In just the past 100 years, this tiny sea village has grown into the sprawling metropolis that we know today. (27) A．European expeditions in the 1700s. B．Famous sites in Los Angeles. C．The growth of Los Angeles. D．The entertainment industry.

W: You'll never be able to get spare parts for it. It might be time to invest in a more recent model. Q: What can be inferred from the conversation about the washing machine？ (16) A．It should have lasted longer. B．The man should buy new parts for it. C．The man should consider buying a new one. D．It wasn't a good investment.

W: I agree. I also want to get this meeting over with, rush home, and get a good night's sleep. M: You are lucky, anyway, I will still have to look for a place to cat. Do you know any good restaurants around？ W: There are plenty of them on the main street. But if you don't want to go that far, there is a fine Italian restaurant right across the street. M: That's good for today. Anything interesting downtown？ I am here for the whole week; I can try various restaurants. W: Yes, there is an excellent French restaurant on Rainbow Avenue by your hotel. If you like spicy food, there are some really good Asian restaurants on the main street and there's also a very good Mexican restaurant just two blocks from here. M: That's enough for a week. You seem to know all of them by heart. W: Well, food is my favorite subject. (27) A．The meeting is boring. B．They've had a long day. C．There are many good restaurants in the downtown area. D．Food is an interesting subject.

听力原文： Technicians are making the last-minute preparations for the launch of the U. S. space shuttle Discovery on a flight to the International Space Station. Flight officials with the space agency NASA are aware of storm clouds near the Atlantic coast launch site in Florida, which could postpone the launch. This is the second shuttle flight since Columbia disintegrated on reentry three years ago, killing all seven astronauts on board. Since then NASA has spent hundreds of millions of dollars to correct design flaw that caused a piece of foam insulation to break off from the fuel tank and puncture Columbia's wing. NASA is launching Discovery despite objections by the space agency's chief safety officer and chief engineer. They say the problems with the foam insulation have still not been resolved. Shuttle astronaut Steve Robinson says he is not worried. "The thing like this happened to every single flight and what's really great -- you remember how much we talked about culture change after Columbia. This is culture change. You are seeing it." The space agency's chief safety officer ______ NASA's plan to launch Discovery. A．vetoed B．sanctioned C．supported D．disapproved

"I am studying the report, and I will make a recommendation to the Security Council very shortly. And I am likely to indicate that we proceed with status talks," he said. When asked when he might make his recommendation, Mr. Annan replied, "maybe sooner than you think." The secretary-general appointed senior Norwegian diplomat Kal Eide last June to study progress on the U.N. standards. Diplomats who have seen the report say it sharply criticizes both majority ethnic Albanians and minority Serbs in the province for the slow pace of progress, but nevertheless concludes that future status negotiations should begin. The Security Council is expected to take up the Kosovo question the last week of October. If the 15-member body agrees, talks on Kosovo's future status could begin in November. According the news, the UN has set standards for Kosovo on ______. A．minority rights and democracy B．minority rights and publicity C．economy and politics D．justice and democracy

W: It has been the last thing I will do since the ball hit me last time. Q: What does the woman mean？ (18) A．She won't go to play tennis. B．She can't play tennis. C．She doesn't like doing sports. D．She is not good at playing tennis.

W: If you have your receipt, I can give you credit for the purchase. But I can't repay you. Q: Where did the conversation probably take place？ (18) A．In a restaurant. B．In a department store. C．In a private home. D．In an art supply shop.

(30) A．The 4th of July is coming at hand. B．Independence Day was the day on which Pearl Harbor was bombed. C．The 4th of July marks America's freedom from England. D．July 4th is President Washington's birthday.

听力原文： Lecturer: In the last lecture, we looked at the adverse effects of desert dust on global climate. Today we're going to examine more closely what causes dust storms and what other effects they can have. As you know, dust storms have always been a feature of desert climates, but what we want to focus on today is the extent to which human activity is causing them. And it is this trend that I want to look at, because it has wide-ranging implications. So, what are these human activities？ Well, there are two main types that affect the wind erosion process, and thus the frequency of dust storms. There are activities that break up naturally wind-resistant surfaces such as off-road vehicle use and construction and there are those that remove protective vegetation cover from soils, for example, mainly farming and drainage. In many cases the two effects occur simultaneously which adds to the problem. Let's look at some real examples and see what I'm talking about. Perhaps the best-known example of agricultural impact on desert dust is the creation of the USA's 'dust bowl' in the 1930s. The dramatic rise in the number of dust storms during the latter part of that decade was the result of farmers' mismanaging their land. In fact, choking dust storms became so commonplace that the decade became known as the 'Dirty Thirties'. Researchers observed a similar, but more prolonged, increase in dustiness in West Africa between the 1960s and the 1980s when the frequency of the storms rose to 80 a year and the dust was so thick that visibility was reduced to 1,000 metres. This was a hazard to pilots and road users. In places like Arizona, the most dangerous dust clouds are those generated by dry thunderstorms. Here, this type of storm is so common that the problem inspired officials to develop an alert system to warn people of oncoming thunderstorms. When this dust is deposited it causes all sorts of problems for machine operators. It can penetrate the smallest nooks and crannies and play havoc with the way things operate because most of the dust is made up of quartz which is very hard. Another example - the concentration of dust originating from the Sahara has risen steadily since the mid-1960s. This increase in wind erosion has coincided with a prolonged drought, which has gripped the Sahara's southern fringe. Drought is commonly associated with an increase in dust-raising activity but it's actually caused by low rainfall which results in vegetation dying off. One of the foremost examples of modern human-induced environmental degradation is the drying up of the Aral Sea in Central Asia. Its ecological demise dates from the 1950s when intensive irrigation began in the then Central Asian republics of the USSR. This produced a dramatic decline in the volume of water entering the sea from its two major tributaries. In 1960, the Aral Sea was the fourth-largest lake in the world, but since that time it has lost two-thirds of its volume, its surface area has halved and its water level has dropped by more than 216 metres. A knock-on effect of this ecological disaster has been the release of significant new sources of wind-blown material, as the water level has dropped. And the problems don't stop there. The salinity of the lake has increased so that it is now virtually the same as sea water. This means that the material that is blown from the dry bed of the Aral Sea is highly saline. Scientists believe it is adversely affecting crops around the sea because salts are toxic to plants. This shows that dust storms have numerous consequences beyond their effects on climate, both for the workings of environmental systems and for people living in drylands ... SECTION 4 Questions 31-40 Questions 31-32 Complete the notes using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer Main focus of lecture: the impact of 【31】______ on the occurrence of dust st

M: Betty, let's not push our luck! OK？ Q: What does the man mean？ (13) A．They shouldn't make too many requests. B．They should ask for further extension. C．They should finish the project as scheduled. D．They should not try their luck.

(6) A．The check is out of date. B．The check is post-dated. C．The check is in too large amount. D．The check is a crossed one.

M: Thank you. As you can see, little by little, Americans are turning to solar power, tapping the strength of the sun for energy. W: Yeah, that's true. Sunlight has already been used for heating or cooling homes and office buildings in the sunny south. M: Experts say all signs point to the birth of the solar energy industry. Right now, an increasing number of companies are selling solar collector panels to heat and cool homes or to heat water. The glass and metal panels each cost from ＄100 to more than ＄500, and the three or four-bedroom home usually requires a dozen or more. They look like sandwiches. They are usually placed in rooftops. Nobody knows how many have been sold, and in addition, many people have built their own units. It has been estimated that solar power equipment will be a $1.3 billion industry by 1995, and more than a million homes will use sunlight for heat, air conditioning or to generate electricity, both in the cities and in countryside. W: Wow! That is really big business. What do we learn about the use of solar energy in the U. S. ？ A．It is very well established. B．It is relatively new. C．It is found in one million homes. D．It is being rapidly expanded.

听力原文： I want to remind everyone that this Friday is clean-up day—what that means is we're going to put a couple of large garbage bins in the cafeteria so you can throw away old papers, out-of-date materials, and all the other junk that's piling up on or around your desks. It's actually a fire hazard to have stacks of papers on your desks or piled on overhead shelves or cabinets. So, please, everyone, mark this Friday, from noon to 5, on your calendar as a time to dump some of your clutter. And it'll be fun—there will be pizza and soda for everyone who contributes to the bins. What is the purpose of the event？ A．Team building B．Training new employees C．Cleaning up the office D．Raising money for charity

A．Disappointed. B．Happy. C．Regretful. D．Sad.

There is a guided tour of the zoo every hour. Visitors for the tour should wait at the entrance which is where the tour begins. Our guide will meet you there. The tour finishes at the cafe. You should not feed the animals but you can watch when we give them something to eat. Every day at two o'clock the lions are given their food and the elephants get theirs at three o'clock. There is a shop in the zoo where you can buy books and games. All the family will like playing these. There is also a cafe which sells snacks. Tickets for adults cost six pounds eighty-five and children's tickets are four pounds sixty-five. A family ticket, for two adults and three children, is eighteen pounds seventy-five. For more information ... You will hear some information about Finchester Zoo. Listen and complete questions 21-25. You will hear the information twice. <img src='https://img2.soutiyun.com/ask/uploadfile/10860001-10863000/a140385fc38d239210b73bd08456c09c.jpg' /> (22)

W: Thank you. M: Meyers, how do you describe your film？ Are you satisfied with it？ W: Well, I am happy to see it top the U.S. weekend box office. Have you seen the film？ Ha, it tells the story of Nick Marshall, a Chicago advertising executive. He acquires the power to read women's minds, not just what they say but also what he hears them think. That's amazing, isn't it？ I like the way Gibson interprets his role. M: Yeah, Marshall regards himself as a gift to women. I saw the movie. Then why do you choose Mel Gibson？ We know, audiences usually see him playing a man with a strong typical man side, such as in his previous action movies like “Brave Heart”, while “What Women Want” is what you termed as an old-fashioned romantic comedy. W: You are right．That's precisely why I choose him. Gibson has been known as a joker on the set and a fan of silly comedy, but has not done many romantic comedies. I just want him to display his“feminine”potential in“What Women Want”. And I am grateful to see that he has done a good job. M: What do you want audiences to learn from this film？ W: About Women. We should learn about women. They are individuals. What they appreciate is when you make the effort, even if you are not quite getting something they say. (23) A．Movie on Display. B．Movie on the Show. C．Best-selling Movie. D．Shining Movie Stars.

Matt Flanigan, President, TIA: Well, today I would say speed and bandwidth. Especially, a little smile up to the consumer' is probably a big issue holding back the Internet. But security is also important with electronic commerce. And until they really solve that, people are not gonna feel secure. Host: All right. Well, Let's introduce our guest. We're joined by an executive from Effnet: Tomas Althen. Welcome to the program. We're delighted to have you. Tomas, let's start with this. What sort of Internet issue is Effnet dealing with？ What kind of solutions do you bring to the table？ Tomas Althen, CEO, Effnet Group: The Internet is growing at a very rapid speed at the moment. As you must know, the number of users doubles every year. However, also the information on the net doubles every month. And this calls up the two issues we have been hearing about here, speed and security. Host: Well, let's look at more details. Look at this video about the city council of Stockholm, Sweden. Narrator on the video: Here is the power. The politicians and high civil servants at Stockholm County Council are used to having access to qualified information. Now with everyone using Internet and Intranet, some information has to remain secret. The decision on how to do this are mad here at IT Control. They have found the way to let 10, 000 employees use the Internet but some information can still be accessed only by qualified people. This is the firewall keeping the information system secure. A box in the basement with software from Effnet. Scandinavia is known for its technology. Cellular phones and Internet are part of daily life. And here in Sweden there are some young, very innovative up-starting companies. One is Effnet, founded in 1997 and already on the world market. As the world demands speed and security and reliability, Effnet's gigabit router on a card makes security easier. The generic plug-in card, firewaller and router in one, proves that they are ready to meet the world demand. Host: Well, how does the firewall work？ We were told a few days ago that one of the new methods of transmission was to break everything up into little packets, send them all into the Internet and hope they arrive in the same order, and so on. Is the protection of these packets from being raided is this the principle task of the firewall？ Tomas Althen: You can say that in one sense. You also don't want packets to come in to your data system, or into your network, packets which you don't want to be there. You want to be able to decide for yourself as an organization or as a company: hey, I don't want these guys to be able to access my treasure. And to do that you need to do some filtering. You need to decide which packets are allowed, which packets are not allowed. You have to do that very fast so you don't end up with yet another bottleneck. And we solved that problem. Host: Let's look ahead a couple of years and have you estimate for us how you see this technology evolving. What do you think will be different or new on the horizon in a couple of years？ Tomas？ Tomas Althen: More and more has been put into smaller and smaller spaces. We are making quite a leap in putting all these features on one card. But the next step is clearly putting them on one chip. And we are talking to chip vendors to try to do that as quickly as reasonable. They usually say that one year in this business is seven ordinary years. So, that would be 14 years from now. We'll see things more and more integrated. For Effnet, in two years I would s A．The quality of being easy to use. B．For most of us, broadband access is years in the future. C．To maximize the Internet's sufficiency.

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W: Don't worry. Banks will accept presentation on the following business day. Q: When will the bank deal with the credit if the expiry date of a credit fails on a non-business day？ (19) A．On every business day. B．On Tuesday. C．On Wednesday. D．On the following business day.

听力原文：Interviewer: With us today is Steve Thomas, a 23 year-old chef who delights TV audiences with his imaginative cooking programme. Steve, what's the secret of your success？ Steve: Well, I think I'm different from other TV chefs in that I want people to see how I prepare a dish from the word go, so I don't present them with a dish that's half prepared already. If anything should go wrong during the programme, know, suppose something gets burned, well, that's part of the experience. When they try preparing it themselves, then they'll see the beauty of the finished product, but not on the screen. Interviewer: So how did you come to get your own TV series？ Steve: I was working in a restaurant called the Gala in December last year when they came to make a documentary about the place. I didn't even look at the camera.I was too busy making pasta and cooking fish. But the producer spotted me and the following week they phoned me to offer me a job... The Gala owner wished me all the best and let me go without a complaint. Interviewer: Wow!! Now, is it true that you come from a family of cooks？ Steve: Well, you could say that ... I started cooking at the age of eight. My mum and dad have a restaurant and Dad used to do all the cooking back then. My mum was too busy looking after us ... Dad insisted that if I wanted some money, I should work for it. And it seemed a lot more interesting to help out in the kitchen and see how things were made than to earn my money washing Dad's car ... Interviewer: You attended a catering course at college. How did you like that？ Steve: At school I wasn't very good at anything much. At that time, my mind wasn't on anything other than cooking. I found sitting in a classroom trying to pay attention to things very very trying. I managed to get to college though and there I was fine, because when it came to the actual cooking, I knew what I was doing. I realised that a bit of academic work didn't do you any harm either and I found it much easier when I was interested in the subject, and so I've no regrets, really. Interviewer: And now you have a TV programme and several cooks working under your orders. How do you get on with them？ Steve: Oh, I love working with them. But on my programme everyone has to be really special. They need to have gone through college training before they even apply for the job. I suppose the problem is that fairly frequently I tend to raise my voice if they don't work emciently ... but I'm just as likely to praise them if they do well ... What I say to them is, you want the audience to say we are the best, so we need to make a special effort ... Interviewer: Is there any chef celebrity that you admire especially？ Steve: I definitely think that Ron Bell is the best, and I'm pleased that he's now got his own food column in a newspaper. I had the great privilege of working with him for a while. What's so special about him is that he's always been enthusiastic about using ingredients that come from the area where he works ... For example the fish of the day would be the catch from the river close to his restaurant. He's been criticised for sticking to old-fashioned recipes, maybe that's a weakness, but I think that's his decision ... Interviewer: I heard that you are also going to write a book. Steve: Yes, I’m writing it at the moment. It may disappoint readers who expect a lot of glossy pictures, as most cookbooks nowadays seem to be things to look at rather than read ... I've gone for a style. that may be less attractive with fewer colour pictures but it will be more useful for most types of reader. What I say in my book is that we must remember the success of a meal does not depend on how it looks ... it's what it tastes like and the company of the friends you'll share it with that matters ... Interviewer: Well, thank you, Steve, I look forward to trying some rec A．the process of cooking. B．amusing incidents. C．attractively presented dishes.

M: I don't think so, but returning back home was really hard. W: Why？ M: Well, for many students, returning back to their home countries can be a very confusing experience. W: Re-entry Shock! That sounds quite interesting. Can you explain it？ M: For example, many students who come to the United States experience freedoms they have never enjoyed in their country. W: Sure, such as freedom from family, freedom from cultural norms they didn't like and freedom from the pressures of working in a real job. M: However, too much freedom and unstructured life can lead to other problems. Students sometimes skip classes, stay out late, and engage in activities that their families and cultures might not approve of, but students want to enjoy "freedom" while it lasts. W: So when students return back to their countries, they can struggle with fitting back into the cultural norms and family expectations of the past. M: Yes. Naturally, depression is possible and a loss of self can result. W: Then what can students do to minimize this Re-entry Shock？ M: First of all, keep in contact with your family and friends while you are abroad. They will be your first source of advice and support once you return. W: What else？ M: Second, have a clear plan what you will do when you return. Start looking for a job now or apply to enter a school months before you return. Re-entry Shock can be greatest when you have nothing to do when you return. (23) A．How to go abroad for study. B．How to enjoy the freedom abroad. C．How to look for a job after returning back from abroad. D．Re-entry Shock and how to reduce it.

W: French Art &amp; Architecture of the 19th Century. I have to check. Can I have the book and your library card？ M: Sure. I just need it for a few more days. W: Well, first, this book is one week late, not due today as you thought. There are also a few requests for this book so it is now on hold for the next person. There's a small fine on your card of ＄1.40 for the overdue book, would you like to pay today？ M: So if I pay the fine, can I take this book out again？ W: You won't be able to take it out again until all the other people who have placed holds on it have signed it out. Did you want to pay your fine today？ M: Have you processed the return on the book？ Perhaps I'll accrue more fines, and keep it for a few more days. I really need it. The exam is in two days and this is practically the course text book. W: Sorry, I have already signed it hack in and now it is on hold. In fact if I could, I would triple our fines and suspend your library privileges. It's not fair to other students who are also trying to access library material for study purpose. Now are you going to pay your fine today？ M: OK. Sorry. What is the student's problem？ A．He does not have his library card with him. B．He does not want to return the book right now. C．He does not like the system of putting books on hold. D．He does not want to pay the fine.