听力原文：W: Welcome to our program. Today Prof. Johnson is going to talking about solar power.

M: Sure. I've summarized the results in the handout, broken down by consumer age groups and sporting activities. The survey was administered m 550 men and women between the ages of 18 and 55 years old, and the results have been compiled in the following age groups: 18 to 26, 27 to 35, 36 to 45, and 46 to 55. According to the results, the most active group involved in sporting activities are those between 18 and 26 years old, followed by those 36 to 45 years old. W: I see. M: As far as particular sports are concerned, people in these two groups cited jogging as their favorite recreational sport followed by skiing, tennis, swimming, and cycling. W: And what about these groups broken down by gender？ M: Oh. thanks for bringing that up. Men appear to be slightly more active than women in the 18 to 26 year-old age group, but women seem more active in the other three groups. W: Hmm. Based on what you have said. I think we should consider targeting the 18 to 26 year-old age group more in the future. I also feel we should consider expanding our line of athletic shoes, particularly jogging and tennis footwear. We also have to come up with a more appealing slogan aimed at this age group. M: I see what you mean. However. when these results are compared with the survey carried out three years ago. we can see a growing trend among older consumers—those 14. I mean 46 to 55—who are becoming more conscious and concerned about staying fit, I believe this trend will continue, so we should focus on this group instead. W: I see your point. Well, let's meet again on Wednesday to iron out more of the details of this proposal. (23) A．Leisure sporting activities. B．Average age of athletes. C．Durability of sporting equipment. D．People's preference for sporting activities.

M: Yes, but I haven't heard from him for ages. Actually, I've been out of touch with him since our first reunion after graduation. Q: What do we learn about the speakers？ (15) A．They were both chairpersons of the students' union. B．They have known each other since their schooldays. C．They are going to hold a reunion party. D．They have been in close touch by email.

(26) A．We offer a five to ten percent discount unless you require immediate delivery. B．We promise to refund the money if we cannot send our products in time. C．If you order our products right now, we will give you certain commission in cash. D．Buying our products will save not only your money, but also your time.

M: Good morning. I hope I can answer your questions. W: Are people in rich countries happier than people in not-so-rich countries？ M: Well, I would say there is a relationship between national wealth and well-being. In other words, the economic wealth of a country does appear to reflect the overall well-being of its citizens. W: Does it mean that rich people in a country are happier than poor people？ M: In some poor Countries, satisfaction with one's financial situation does affect happiness. But once people are able to afford the basic necessities of life; having more money doesn't necessarily make them happier. W: What about rich places like Europe and United States？ Are income and happiness related？ M: Very little. Rich people are only slightly happier than the average citizen. W: I'm always wondering whether winning a lottery can bring happiness. M: Well, as a matter of fact, various studies show that lottery winners only get temporary joy. W: I guess wealth is like health. If you don't have your health or if you're extremely poor, you will be miserable. M: Yes, that's true. Happiness is wanting what we have rather than getting what we want. W: That's a nice way of putting it. In your opinion, do people become happier as their countries be come richer？ M: Well, if I take the case of the United States, from 1957 to 1996, the proportion of people who said that they were very happy declined from 35% to 30%. But during that same period, the average income per person in the United States doubled. W: So, you mean that a steady increase in a country's prosperity does not mean an increase in its people's happiness. M: That's right. What does the woman do？ A．A teacher of economics. B．A professor of studying happiness. C．A consultant on economic affairs. D．A specialist in political science.

M: Well, it's a combination of things, but at the top of the list I think I'd put being truthful. Staff have certain expectations of how they should be treated and they want their managers to be fair. Not telling your staff what's happening is a sure way of losing their respect. You need to concentrate on solving problems, not hiding them. W: But not all problems can be solved, can they？ M: Most can, actually, but that's not the point. The thing is, instead of reacting after the dam-ages done, you should be talking to staff about how things are going and avoiding a situation where they come to see you about the problems after the event. The trick is to decide what problems might arise before they actually happen. W: What about having staff work together？ How should that be managed？ M: Well, some people appear to like working on their own, but in most companies, people who work on their own do so because they have been neglected. They have been given a task and their boss is not in-terested in how it is being done. This makes their sense of achievements smaller no matter how hard they work. People who work in teams have dearer overall picture of the work they are involved in. They have a role to play, and they know that if they don't perform. well, it is not only the business is going to suffer but also the other members of their team. So it is up to managers to create teams within their organization and encourage this team spirit. It raises performance. W: How is this best done？ M: Well, it's important to identify certain key employees among your staff and give them particular support and attention. If these key people are encouraged in their work, they would perform. better themselves, and more importantly raise the general level of performance of all the others in their area. W: Isn't it also a question of recruitment？ M: Yes, yes, lots of difficulties in staff management arise because mangers genuinely don't know how to select the right person. Sometimes interviewees are chosen on the basis of written personality tests which hear no relation with the work they'll be actually doing. Many managers admit that they sometimes ignore the lack of appropriate skills in recruiting the staff. I'd say that in the vast majority of cases they simply opt for the candidates who's made the best impression in half an hour or so... F: So, what should we have instead？ M: Well, the selection procedure should involve matching the skills and knowledge of the applicant to the actual job. And they should be done in the most immediate and relevant way possible, for example, if you try to recruit a trainer for your company, an important part of the inter-view should involve the applicant giving a pre-pared training session. Training is what they'll be doing, so you should see them in operation be-fore employing them. F: That sounds sensible. The final question, Brian, is about discipline, which is perhaps the hardest factor to get it right. What is the latest thinking？ B: Umm, well, the issues are: should you be a hard, unfriendly boss, make sure everyone obey your order without a question, or should you be more sympathetic and listen to your employees' difficulties？ Then there will be time when you have to discipline someone who has done some-thing wrong. It can be difficult if you are on very friendly terms with them. So a certain distance is necessary. On the either hand, if you are too un-approachable, you may not be made aware of important problems. M: Well, thank you, Brian. I'm sure plenty of managers out there will find out our talk very interesting. ？You will hear a radio interview with Brian Williams, a management expert. The interview deals with staf A．being able to concentrate. B．being honest. C．being respected.

M: OK, just change "carriage forward" to "carriage paid". We can't lose this customer. Q: What did the customer order on May 25？ (12) A．Invoice. B．Shoes. C．Carriage. D．Error.

My life, by Joe Wrigley, will keep all fans of Joe's stories happy for hours. It explains a lot about where his ideas come from and gives a picture of what was happening in his life when he was working on his most successful books. I must say, though, that some of it is difficult to understand if you haven't read his other books. Now, for those of you who like a good cry, Goodbye to the fields, by Susan Marks, tells the sad story of John, a small boy who has to leave the countryside he loves when the family move to London because of his father's job. John and his mother would prefer to stay where they are. It's a long time before the family begins to feel comfortable living in the big city. There are plenty of books with helpful advice this week. First, the A-Z of photography would make a great present for anyone just starting out with a camera. It has everything you need to know to take really good photos, and learn about cameras, film, lighting and so on. This is not one for the experienced photographer, though — there's not much advanced information here. Turning to the kitchen, Cooking for one, by Adrian White, says on its cover that even people who hate cooking will find it useful. A month ago, I couldn't even boil an egg, but now I'm producing all sorts of dishes, some quite difficult, and, yes, they taste quite good, too. I'rn actually enjoying cooking now. I'm now going to try a new book about cooking Italian food. The last book this week is Holidays in Europe, by Mary Curtis. This is an enjoyable read, which will start your imagination working as you plan for next year's holiday. It doesn't matter that the writer doesn't talk about the famous places everyone visits, but describes lots of small places away from the main tourist areas. The maps are too small to be useful but the book is still good value for money. That's it for this week, then. Next week, there's a special report on giving books as presents, so if you've saved up your money and you're wondering what to get for a friend or relation for their birthdays, you might get some good ideas. I'll look forward to talking to you then. To really understand My life you need to A．read it very slowly. B．know about the writer's life. C．read the writer's other books.

B: Hello, Brian. Fine, thanks. A: Now, Johnny, your team, Manchester United, is playing in the League Cup Final on Saturday. You hope to win the League Cup for the fourth time next Saturday. But Leeds City are a hard team to beat. What do you think of your chances？ B: Well, Brian, I' m sure we ‘ll win. Leeds is a very strong team, but we' ve never been better than we are today. A: So you're quite sure Manchester will win the Cup for the fourth time？ B: I certainly am, Brian. A: Well, I wish you the best of luck for Saturday. B: Thanks very much, Brian. A: And, by the way, happy birthday! How old are you now？ B: I' m 31 today. A: Good. How are you going to celebrate？ B: Well, I'm going to take my wife and two little girls out for dinner tonight. A: Good. And finally, tell us about the future, Johnny. What will you be doing in five years’time？ B: Well, Brian, I hope I’ll still be playing football in five years’time. But perhaps in ten years’time, when I have to retire from playing, I don’t want to leave football. I' d really like to train young footballers. I don’t know for sure, but I always want to work in football. A: Good. Well, it’s been nice talking to you, Johnny. I’ll be watching the match on Saturday. Thanks for coming to talk to us. B: Thanks, Brian. Thank you for having me. How many times has Johnny’s team won the League Cup？ A．Once. B．Twice. C．Three times. D．Four times.

M: I think so. It’ll be especially helpful if you can check the same story in the newspaper. Q: What does the man mean？ (18) A．Watching TV is better than reading a newspaper. B．The newspaper may give more information. C．TV is more interesting than a newspaper. D．A combination of reading and listening is more effective.

M：Why not cancel Bob's program？ His project never brings in any profit． Q：What can we learn from the conversation？ (14) A．Their company has a good profit. B．The man will cut the budget for his project. C．The woman wants the man to reduce his expenditure. D．Bob's projects are always profitable.

MAN: Yes. Thank the university to allow me to come to talk to you all afternoon. The reason for my visit here is to outline a problem that female international visitors and students have been having in the Darlinghurst area. WOMAN: We all heard that for the last month or so, thieves have targeted the area snatching handbags and backpacks from unsuspected women. Why in the Darlinghurst area？ MAN: As you probably know. Darlinghurst is very popular with tourists for shopping and sightseeing and it's also a popular meeting meeting place for students. There are lots of cafes and coffee shops and unfortunately, we have had some thieves taking advantage of these conditions. WOMAN: Can you tell us about the thieves more specifically？ MAN: Sure. The thieves are young and fit. They grab the bag from the woman's shoulder or out of her hand when she's involved with something else, you know, deep in conversation or window-shopping, so they grab the bag and then run away very quickly. By the time the victims realize what's happened, the young man's out of sight and there's little hope of catching him. WOMAN: You mean the thieves usually attack female by themselves？ MAN: They used to. But now it seems they're becoming braver arid targeting women in groups. Age doesn't seem to matter to the thieves, it's just a matter of opportunity. They look for someone who isn't consciously protecting their bag and for a place with an easy getaway, you know, not too crowded. WOMAN: Are any of these thieves caught？ MAN: We've only had two of these bag-snatchers almost caught when the victims chased after them. Unfortunately, on both occasions, as soon as the women reached the thief, he threw the bag right at them and then escaped. WOMAN: Mr. Gray, can you give the students some suggestions to protect themselves from these brazen thieves？ MAN: Yeah. We don't encourage you to chase these thieves because we don't want to see anyone get hurt. So, what can you do？ Well, unfortunately, not much but we are asking that you be aware of this danger. If possible, hang onto your bags carefully and never leave your bags on the ground at one of the many cafes when you have a coffee or a meal and don't leave it on a chair or table-top even if you think it is in your sight. We also caution you about carrying anything too valuable in your bags. It seems like the thieves arc not only after cash. They've been using credit cards illegally on the Internet m purchase goods or access pornographic sites. So it is vital that you keep your credit card details and report to the police if it is stolen. Questions: 19.What is the problem that Mr. Gray describes to the students？ 20.Why is it difficult to chase the thieves？ 21.How many thieves have the police caught？ 22.Which of the following does Mr. Gray suggest the students to do？ (39) A．Women being robbed. B．Thieves stealing bags from international tourists. C．Darlinghurst residents being robbed. D．Burglaries happening in Darlinghurst.

M: What is that？ W: It's a flee card which allows our customers to receive special discounts. You simply need to fill out our membership application form. M: No, thank you. I'm a little pressed for time. W: How will you be paying for that？ Will that be cash or credit？ M: I think I'll pay with my card. W: OK. Is that a credit card or a debit card？ M: I'm sorry. I don't understand your question. What is the difference？ W: A credit card bills you once a month; a debit card deducts the money directly from your bank account. M: Well, this is an ATM card issued by my bank. It's connected to my bank account. Can I use that？ W: Sure, that's a kind of debit card. Please press the button marked "DBT" and swipe your card through the machine. M: OK. And now what do I do？ W: Please enter your pin number, the identification number which verifies your identity. M: OK. And now？ W: Paper or plastic？ M: I'm sorry？ What did you say？ W: I'm going to pack your groceries. What kind of bags would you like, paper or plastic？ M: Plastic, please. Wow, you really have to make a lot of decisions in an American grocery store. (20) A．Apply immediately with any credit card. B．Fill out the membership application form. C．Pay a membership fee. D．Buy certain items in the store.

M: If you want your kids to be polite, you'll have to be polite to them. Q: What conclusion can be drawn from this conversation？ (17) A．Children learn by example. B．Children must not tell lies. C．Children don't like discipline. D．Children must control their temper.

M: Have you checked with the employment resource center here at school？ W: Yes, there were one or two promising leads, but I'm hoping to find something a little better than those. I have a list of the most prominent accounting firms. I plan on sending my resume to each of them. M: Tom told me that he has mailed out twenty resumes already. W: The job market is very tight this year. I'm afraid that there will be a lot of the graduating class that will have to settle for something less than they hoped for or go to a less desirable part of the country. M: Bob and Joe have contacted a headhunter. They hope by using those professional services they will be able to find a good position. W: I thought of doing that myself, because their fee is too high. They would want nearly half of my first six months' salary. M: What about that accounting firm your father's company uses？ Do you think he could give you a recommendation？ W: I hate to ask him to do that, but if my other leads don't work out, I'll ask him for help. M: Networking the contacts you have is one of the best ways to find employment. (27) A．Check with the employment resource center at school. B．Send her resumes to all the most prominent accounting firms. C．Resort to headhunters (猎头公司). D．Ask for help from her father first.

M: Well, my brother is a real estate agent. I know he can help you out. Why don't you and I go to see him？ Q: What do we learn about the woman？ (6) A．Someone is going to break into her house. B．She has nowhere to go next weekend. C．She can't find a real estate agent. D．She's worried about finding a new place to live in.

M: They are taking two donkeys to carry the tools. We just have to carry our personal items, like clothing and sleeping bags. Q: What does the man mean？ (17) A．He doesn't know what tools to bring. B．He doesn't mind helping the woman. C．The woman won't have to carry the tools. D．The donkeys will carry the woman's personal items.

W: Thank you. M: Meyers, how do you describe your film？ Are you satisfied with it？ W: Well, I am happy to see it top the U.S. weekend box office. Have you seen the film？ Ha, it tells the story of Nick Marshall, a Chicago advertising executive. He acquires the power to read women's minds, not just what they say but also what he hears them think. That's amazing, isn't it？ I like the way Gibson interprets his role. M: Yeah, Marshall regards himself as a gift to women. I saw the movie. Then why do you choose Mel Gibson？ We know, audiences usually see him playing a man with a strong typical man side, such as in his previous action movies like “Brave Heart”, while “What Women Want” is what you termed as an old-fashioned romantic comedy. W: You are right．That's precisely why I choose him. Gibson has been known as a joker on the set and a fan of silly comedy, but has not done many romantic comedies. I just want him to display his“feminine”potential in“What Women Want”. And I am grateful to see that he has done a good job. M: What do you want audiences to learn from this film？ W: About Women. We should learn about women. They are individuals. What they appreciate is when you make the effort, even if you are not quite getting something they say. (23) A．Movie on Display. B．Movie on the Show. C．Best-selling Movie. D．Shining Movie Stars.

W: Thank you. M: Well, we hear it a lot in the news these days: "Recycle newspapers and save a tree. Collect bottles and cans so they can be reused in the manufacturing of new products." But how to promote the recycling movement？ Can you give us some suggestions？ W: I think there are three essential keys. M: What is the first one？ W: The first key is to have a more informed public, that is, to raise public awareness about the recycling process, to explain the kinds of materials that can be recycled, and provide ways on how to properly dispose of them. Local governments should educate the public on how to properly sort reusable materials from those, like waxed paper, carbon paper, plastic material such as fast food wrappers, that can't be recycled very easily. M: Then what is the second key？ W: The second is the development of improved technology. Technological progress has been made on many fronts, but governmental agencies need to step up their support for companies involved in recycling by providing tax incentives, low-cost loans, or even grants to upgrade equipment and to encourage further research. M: So what about the third essential key？ W: The final key is to develop a greater demand for recycled materials. This means increasing demand for the growing surplus of resources waiting to be recycled. M: Recycling is a crucial link protecting our planet. The three keys Mrs. Green mentioned are important ways to achieve this end. Thanks for joining us, Mrs. Green. W: You're welcome. (23) A．Keys to paper recycling. B．Importance of recycling. C．Keys to recycling improvement. D．Technological progress in recycling.

M: So what？ Theirs is even worse. Q: What does the man mean？ (19) A．He doesn't like messy people. B．He doesn't know where their house is. C．He sees no need to clean the house. D．He can think of no worse time for their friends to come.

M: Could you elaborate on that, Mr. Hopkins？ Q: Where does this conversation probably take place？ (14) A．In a conference room. B．In a factory. C．On board a ship. D．In a hospital.

Matt Flanigan, President, TIA: Well, today I would say speed and bandwidth. Especially, a little smile up to the consumer' is probably a big issue holding back the Internet. But security is also important with electronic commerce. And until they really solve that, people are not gonna feel secure. Host: All right. Well, Let's introduce our guest. We're joined by an executive from Effnet: Tomas Althen. Welcome to the program. We're delighted to have you. Tomas, let's start with this. What sort of Internet issue is Effnet dealing with？ What kind of solutions do you bring to the table？ Tomas Althen, CEO, Effnet Group: The Internet is growing at a very rapid speed at the moment. As you must know, the number of users doubles every year. However, also the information on the net doubles every month. And this calls up the two issues we have been hearing about here, speed and security. Host: Well, let's look at more details. Look at this video about the city council of Stockholm, Sweden. Narrator on the video: Here is the power. The politicians and high civil servants at Stockholm County Council are used to having access to qualified information. Now with everyone using Internet and Intranet, some information has to remain secret. The decision on how to do this are mad here at IT Control. They have found the way to let 10, 000 employees use the Internet but some information can still be accessed only by qualified people. This is the firewall keeping the information system secure. A box in the basement with software from Effnet. Scandinavia is known for its technology. Cellular phones and Internet are part of daily life. And here in Sweden there are some young, very innovative up-starting companies. One is Effnet, founded in 1997 and already on the world market. As the world demands speed and security and reliability, Effnet's gigabit router on a card makes security easier. The generic plug-in card, firewaller and router in one, proves that they are ready to meet the world demand. Host: Well, how does the firewall work？ We were told a few days ago that one of the new methods of transmission was to break everything up into little packets, send them all into the Internet and hope they arrive in the same order, and so on. Is the protection of these packets from being raided is this the principle task of the firewall？ Tomas Althen: You can say that in one sense. You also don't want packets to come in to your data system, or into your network, packets which you don't want to be there. You want to be able to decide for yourself as an organization or as a company: hey, I don't want these guys to be able to access my treasure. And to do that you need to do some filtering. You need to decide which packets are allowed, which packets are not allowed. You have to do that very fast so you don't end up with yet another bottleneck. And we solved that problem. Host: Let's look ahead a couple of years and have you estimate for us how you see this technology evolving. What do you think will be different or new on the horizon in a couple of years？ Tomas？ Tomas Althen: More and more has been put into smaller and smaller spaces. We are making quite a leap in putting all these features on one card. But the next step is clearly putting them on one chip. And we are talking to chip vendors to try to do that as quickly as reasonable. They usually say that one year in this business is seven ordinary years. So, that would be 14 years from now. We'll see things more and more integrated. For Effnet, in two years I would s A．The quality of being easy to use. B．For most of us, broadband access is years in the future. C．To maximize the Internet's sufficiency.

M: I don't know who you've been talking to. My experience was just the opposite. Q: What does the man mean？ (14) A．He thought Dr. Parker's tests were easy. B．Dr. Parker is no longer teaching history. C．The woman's source of information is reliable. D．He didn't enjoy taking history tests of Dr. Parker's.

M: Sure. I've summarized the results in the handout, broken down by consumer age groups and sporting activities. The survey was administered to 550 men and women between the ages of 18 and 55 years old The results have been compiled in the following age groups: 18 to 26, 27 to 35, 36 to 45, and 46 to 55. According to the results, the most active group involved in sporting activities are those between 18 and 26 years old, followed by those 36 to 45 years old. W: Okay. M: As far as particular sports are concerned, people in these two groups cited jogging as their favorite recreational sport followed by skiing, tennis, swimming, and cycling. W: Hmm. Based on what you've said, I think we should consider targeting the 18 to 26 year-old age group more in the future. I also feel we should consider expanding our line of athletic shoes, particularly jogging and tennis footwear. We also have to come up with a more appealing slogan aimed at this age group. M: I see what you mean. However, when these results are compared with the survey carried out three years ago, we can see a growing trend among older consumers-those 14, I mean 46 to 55-who are becoming more conscious and concerned about staving fit. I believe this trend will continue, so we should focus on this group instead. W: I see your point. Well, let's meet again on Wednesday to iron out more of the details of this proposal. (20) A．9-17. B．18-26. C．27-35. D．36-45.

M: I don't think so, but returning back home was really hard. W: Why？ M: Well, for many students, returning back to their home countries can be a very confusing experience. W: Re-entry Shock! That sounds quite interesting. Can you explain it？ M: For example, many students who come to the United States experience freedoms they have never enjoyed in their country. W: Sure, such as freedom from family, freedom from cultural norms they didn't like and freedom from the pressures of working in a real job. M: However, too much freedom and unstructured life can lead to other problems. Students sometimes skip classes, stay out late, and engage in activities that their families and cultures might not approve of, but students want to enjoy "freedom" while it lasts. W: So when students return back to their countries, they can struggle with fitting back into the cultural norms and family expectations of the past. M: Yes. Naturally, depression is possible and a loss of self can result. W: Then what can students do to minimize this Re-entry Shock？ M: First of all, keep in contact with your family and friends while you are abroad. They will be your first source of advice and support once you return. W: What else？ M: Second, have a clear plan what you will do when you return. Start looking for a job now or apply to enter a school months before you return. Re-entry Shock can be greatest when you have nothing to do when you return. (23) A．How to go abroad for study. B．How to enjoy the freedom abroad. C．How to look for a job after returning back from abroad. D．Re-entry Shock and how to reduce it.